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Exposing the non-crosslinked collagen yarns and the collagen yarns crosslinked with 1-ethyl-3-(-3-dimethyl-aminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride to normal physiological hydrolytic degradation conditions showed that both yarns were able to maintain their tensile strength during the first 6 weeks of the study. Cardiosphere-derived cells showed significantly enhanced attachment and proliferation on the collagen yarns compared to synthetic polylactic acid filaments. Moreover, the cells were fully spread and covered the surface of the collagen yarns, which confirmed the superiority of collagen in terms of promoting cellular adhesion. The results of this work indicated that the aligned RTT collagen yarns are favorable for fabricating biotextile scaffolds and are encouraging for further studies of various textile structure for different tissue engineering applications.The process of nuclear weapons production from 1949 to 1987 was accompanied by the generation of a great amount of radioactive waste. Waste processing operations and controls on discharges at this time were not to the same standard as today. Because of this, vast areas of the Urals region of Russia surrounding the Mayak Production Association (MPA) were exposed to routine and accidental radioactive contamination. The greatest contribution to the contamination was gas aerosol emissions from the MPA in the 1950s (total activity 38 PBq, mainly131I), releases of liquid radioactive waste into the Techa River from 1949 to 1956 (total activity 115 PBq, including long-lived90Sr and137Cs) and accidental atmospheric releases as a result of the thermochemical explosion of the storage tank for liquid radioactive waste in 1957 (74 PBq, relatively short-lived radionuclides being the main contributors). Protective measures helped to relieve the pressing problem of population safety in the 1950s and 1960s, but they led to the appearance of new sources of contamination in the territory surrounding the MPA-Lake Karachay (total activity of beta-emitters 4400 PBq) and the Techa Cascade of Reservoirs (TCR; total activity 8 PBq). Owing to natural radioactive decay and rehabilitation measures, the radiation situation in the East Urals Radioactive Trace (EURT) has improved considerably over the years. Economic activity has been partially restored in these territories. Only the most contaminated territory of the East Urals Radioactive Reserve cannot be used for any economic activities up to the present day. Marked non-uniformity of radioactive contamination of the EURT and the Techa River floodplain, as well as radionuclide washout from Lake Karachay and the TCR into the underground waters and the Techa River require on-going radioecological monitoring, management and regulatory supervision.We study the sodium-iridates model on the honeycomb lattice with both BCS pairing potential and Hubbard interaction term. It is shown that this model can be exactly solved with appropriate choices of amplitude of pairing gaps, where the interacting terms are transformed to external field terms. The band structures of these exact solutions on both torus and cylinder geometry are discussed in great details. It is found that the ground state assumes an anti-ferromagnetic configuration, which breaks the time reversal symmetry spontaneously and renders the superconductor topologically trivial. On the other hand, the nontrivial topology is preserved with ferromagnetic configuration and can be characterized by the isospin Chern number.We investigate the structure of gluten polymer-like gels in a binary mixture of water/ethanol, 50/50 v/v, a good solvent for gluten proteins. Gluten comprises two main families of proteins, monomeric gliadins and polymer glutenins. In the semi-dilute regime, scattering experiments highlight two classes of behavior, akin to standard polymer solution and polymer gel, depending on the protein composition. We demonstrate that these two classes are encoded in the structural features of the proteins in very dilute solution, and are correlated with the presence of proteins assemblies of typical size tens of nanometers. The assemblies only exist when the protein mixture is suffciently enriched in glutenins. They are found directly associated to the presence in the gel of domains enriched in non-exchangeable H-bonds and of size comparable to that of the protein assemblies. The domains are probed in neutron scattering experiments thanks to their unique contrast. We show that the sample visco-elasticity is also directly correlated to the quantity of domains enriched in H-bonds, showing the key role of H-bonds in ruling the visco-elasticity of polymer gluten gels.Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are expected to be promising pseudocapacitve materials because of their potential redox sites and porous structures. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/drb18.html DRB18 cell line] Nevertheless, the conductivity inferiority of MOF strongly decreases their structural advantages, therefore resulting in unsatisfying electrochemical performance. Herein, we propose an efficient strategy to enhance conductivity and thus electrochemical properties, in Ni(OH)2 is electrochemically deposited on carbon nanowalls as the precursor for oriented MOF. The synthesized vertically oriented MOF sheets show an almost triple high capacitance of 677 F g-1 than MOF powder of 239 F g-1 at the current density of 2 A g-1. Correspondingly, an asymmetric supercapacitor is fabricated, which can deliver a maximum energy density of 20.7 Wh kg-1 and a maximum power density of 23 200 W kg-1. These promising results indicate that modulating the conductivity of MOF is the key step to pursuit upgrading electrochemical performance.The thermodynamic stability and mechanical properties of titanium carbonitrides TiCxN1-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) are investigated by a combination of the universal cluster expansion method and the first-principles calculations. By considering the ordering of the N/C distributions on the anion sublattice sites of TiCxN1-x, a binary diagram of the heat of formation is constructed, and seven kinds of ground-state structures are predicted in the whole range of 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. These predicted ground-state TiCxN1-x structures are further proved to be dynamically and mechanically stable by examining their phonon dispersion spectra and elastic constants. Further studies indicate that the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the ternary TiCxN1-x structures are generally better than those of the binary TiC or TiN, while the differences within the ternary systems are insignificant. The possible origin of the enhancement of the mechanical and thermodynamic properties of the predicted ground-state TiCxN1-x are discussed together with the electronic structures.<br />The brain operates via generation, transmission and integration of neuronal signals and most neurological disorders are related to perturbation of these processes. Neurostimulation by Focused Ultrasound (FUS) is a promising technology with potential to rival other clinically-used techniques for the investigation of brain function and treatment of numerous neurological diseases. The purpose of this study was to characterize spatial and temporal aspects of causal electrophysiological signals directly stimulated by short, single pulses of focused ultrasound (FUS) on ex vivo mouse hippocampal brain slices.<br />MicroElectrode Arrays (MEA) are used to study the spatio-temporal dynamics of extracellular neuronal activities both at the single neuron and neural networks scales. Hence, MEAs provide an excellent platform for characterization of electrical activity generated, modulated and transmitted in response to FUS exposure. In this study, a novel mixed FUS/MEA platform was designed for the spatio-temporal descripti pathways of the hippocampus.<br />Current knowledge on neurostimulation by ultrasound describes neuronal activity generated by trains of repetitive ultrasound pulses. This novel study details the causal neural responses produced by single-pulse FUS neurostimulation while illustrating the distribution and propagation properties of this neural activity along major neural pathways of the hippocampus.Quantum defects are essential to understand the non-radiative recombination processes in metal halide perovskites-based photovoltaic devices, in which Huang-Rhys factor, reflecting the coupling strength between the charge carrier and optical phonons, plays a key role in determining the nonradiative recombination via multiphonon processes. Herein, we theoretically present multiphonon Raman scattering intermediated by defects arising from the charge carrier of defect coupled with the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon in the deformation potential and Fr¨ohlich mechanisms, respectively. We find that the Raman scattering shows multiple LO phonon overtones at equal interval LO phonons, where Huang-Rhys factor could be evaluated by the order of the strongest overtone. Meanwhile, we give the combinational multiphonon scattering between two mechanisms. Different types of the combinational modes with the weak scattering intensities provide a possible explanation for the long non-radiative charges-carrier lifetimes in metal halide perovskites.Morphology tuning or additional cations doping is one of the potential and simple methods to enhance the photocatalytic property of ceria, in which rare-earth elements doped ceria nanorods (CeO2-RE NRs) are expected to be a promising photocatalyst with high activity. But the optimal doping conditions including variety and concentration of RE elements are ambiguity, and the contribution of doped RE ions on the enhancement of photocatalytic activity needs to be further concerned either. In this work, we doped La, Y and Sm with a wide range of 0 - 30 % into CeO2 NRs, and investigated the phase, morphology, band gap, oxygen vacancies concentration, PL spectra and photocatalytic activity variation under different doping conditions. All synthesized CeO2-RE NRs own well-shaped nanorod morphology except the 15 and 30 % Y doped samples. The energy band gaps of synthesized samples change slightly, the 10 % of CeO2-RE NRs with the narrowest band gaps own the higher photocatalytic performance. The most outstanding photocatalyst is found as the 10 % Y doped CeO2 NRs with the methylene blue photodegradation ratio of 85.59 % and the rate constant of 0.0134 min-1, which is particularly associated with a significant higher oxygen vacancies concentration and obviously lower recombination rate of photogenerated e-/h+ pairs. The doped RE ions and the promoting oxygen vacancies generation impede the recombination of photogenerated carrier, which is proposed as the main reason to enhance the photocatalytic property of CeO2.Heteroatom-doped carbon materials with a high specific area, a well-defined porous structure is important to high-performance supercapacitors (SCs). Here, S and N co-doped three-dimensional porous graphene aerogel (NS-3DPGHs) have been synthesized in a facile and efficient self-assembly process with thiourea acting as the reducing and doping agent solution. Operating as a SC electrode, fabricated co-doping graphene, i.e. the sample of NS-3DPGH-150 exhibits the highest specific capacitance of 412.9 F g-1 under 0.5 A g-1 and prominent cycle stabilization with 96.4% capacitance retention in the back of 10 000 cycles. Furthermore, based on NS-3DPGH-150, the symmetrical supercapacitor as-prepared in 6 M KOH displays a superior energy density of 12.9 Wh kg-1 under the power density of 249 W kg-1. Hence, NS-3DPGHs could be considered as an excellent candidate for SCs.