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Nitrite is the most commonly applied curing agent in the meat industry, and is known to affect human health. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic-acid-alpha-chca.html α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic purchase] Nitrites impart a better flavor, taste and aroma; preserve the red-pinkish color of the meat; and prevent the risk of bacterial contamination of the cured meat, especially from Clostridium botulinum. Unfortunately, recent research has demonstrated some negative effects of this technique. Certain N-nitroso compounds have been shown to stimulate gastric cancer; therefore, most of the research groups are studying the effects of nitrates and nitrites. In this review, we discuss the various food sources of nitrites and nitrates and their current legal requirements for use in meat products. We also discuss the possible changes that might come up in the regulations, the concerns associated with nitrates and nitrites in meat products, and the use of plant-based nitrite and nitrate substitutes. All these topics will be considered with respect to ensuring a high level of microbiological protection, oxidative stability and acceptable sensory quality (color, taste and smell) in meat products.With the occurrence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, identification of new anti-staphylococcal drugs has become a necessity. It has long been demonstrated that plants are a large and diverse source of antibacterial compounds. Psiloxylon mauritianum, an endemic medicinal plant from Reunion Island, was chemically investigated for its reported biological activity against S. aureus. Aspidin VB, a phloroglucinol derivative never before described, together with Aspidin BB, were first isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of P. mauritianum leaves. Their structures were elucidated from spectroscopic data. Aspidin VB exhibited strong antibacterial activity against standard and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, with a minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) of 0.25 μg/mL, and no cytotoxicity was observed at 10-5 M in MRC5 cells. Due to its biological activities, Aspidin VB appears to be a good natural lead in the fight against S. aureus.<br />The study aimed to compare psychopathological expressions during the COVID-19 (novel coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, as declared on March 11th 2020 by the World Health Organization, with respect to which institutional variables might distinguish the impact of COVID-19 in medical and non-medical professionals.<br />A cross-sectional study was performed nationwide between 16th March and the 26th April 2020 in Poland. A total of 2039 respondents representing all healthcare providers (59.8%) as well as other professionals filled in the sociodemographic section, the General Health Questionnaire-28 and the author's questionnaire with questions related to exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the availability of protective measures, quarantine, change of working hours and place of employment during the pandemic, as well as feelings associated with the state of the pandemic.<br />Medical professionals more often presented with relevant psychopathological symptoms (GHQ-28 differences should be included in interventions aimed at restoring psychological well-being in this specific population. Apparently, there are present gender differences in psychological responses that are independent of profession.A functional Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) cure has been proposed as an alternative to antiretroviral treatment for life, and therapeutic vaccines represent one of the most promising approaches. The goal of therapeutic vaccination is to augment virus-specific immune responses that have an impact on HIV viral load dynamics. To date, the agreed feature to evaluate the effects of these therapeutic interventions is analytical antiretroviral treatment interruption (ATI), at least until we find a reliable biomarker that can predict viral control. Different host, immunologic, and virologic markers have been proposed as predictors of viral control during ATI after therapeutic interventions. This review describes the relevance of ATI and the different surrogate markers of virological control assessed in HIV therapeutic vaccine clinical trials.In the present study, plasma spray welding was used to prepare an in-situ niobium carbide (NbC) reinforced Ni-based composite coating on the low carbon steel, and the phase composition and the microstructure of the composite coatings were studied. The wear resistance and the wear mechanism of the composite coatings were also researched by the wear tests. The results showed that the main phases of the composite coating were NbC, γ-Ni, Cr23C6, Ni3Si, CrB, Cr5B3, Cr7C3 and FeNi3. A number of fine in-situ NbC particles and numerous chromium carbide particles were distributed in the γ-Ni matrix. The increase in the mass fraction of Nb and NiCr-Cr3C2 could lead to the increase in NbC particles in the composite coatings. Due to the high hardness of NbC and chromium carbides, the micro-hardness and the wear resistance of the composite coatings were advanced. The composite coating with the powder mixtures of 20% (Nb + NiCr-Cr3C2) and 80% NiCrBSi had the highest micro-hardness and the best wear resistance in this study. The average micro-hardness reached the maximum value 1025HV0.5. The volume loss was 39.2 mm3, which was merely 37% of that of the NiCrBSi coating and 6% of that of the substrate under the identical conditions.Zoonoses can constitute a threat for public health that can have a global importance, as seen with the current COVID-19 pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). Bats have been recognized as an important reservoir of zoonotic coronaviruses (CoVs). In West Africa, where there is a high diversity of bat species, little is known on the circulation of CoVs in these hosts, especially at the interface with human populations. In this study, in Guinea, we tested a total of 319 bats belonging to 14 genera and six families of insectivorous and frugivorous bats across the country, for the presence of coronaviruses. We found CoVs in 35 (11%) of the tested bats-in three insectivorous bat species and five fruit bat species that were mostly captured close to human habitat. Positivity rates varied from 5.7% to 100%, depending on bat species. A wide diversity of alpha and beta coronaviruses was found across the country, including three sequences belonging to SarbeCoVs and MerbeCoVs subgenera known to harbor highly pathogenic human coronaviruses.