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While Australian prisons have acknowledged the vulnerability of older persons, more focused adaptation of COVID-19-related policies to consider adults as young as 45 years are needed. Appropriate ethical identification and management of cases in this population is needed, as is discussion on issues of decarceration and medical release. Re-conceptualisation of incarcerated adults as "citizens in need of care", rather than as "offenders to be secured", will be beneficial. Robust, local evidence is needed to assist decision-making.<br />This is a comprehensive, focused review of relevant evidence, policies and practices for a growing subpopulation of prisoners worldwide with complex needs and particular vulnerability to the COVID-19.<br />This is a comprehensive, focused review of relevant evidence, policies and practices for a growing subpopulation of prisoners worldwide with complex needs and particular vulnerability to the COVID-19.<br />To compare efficacy and safety of single daily dosing (Single-DD) vs multiple daily dosing (Multiple-DD) regimens of psychotropic drugs, the authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis.<br />A systematic literature search of MEDLINE and Embase was conducted with keywords related to dosing regimens and psychotropic drugs (last search December 30, 2019).<br />Randomized controlled trials comparing clinical outcomes between Single-DD and Multiple-DD of the same formulation of the same psychotropic drugs in patients with psychiatric disorders were included.<br />Data on study discontinuation, psychopathology, and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were extracted.<br />A total of 32 studies with 34 paired comparisons involving 3,142 patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Various types of psychotropic drugs were examined antidepressants (22 comparisons), antipsychotics (7 comparisons), benzodiazepines (2 comparisons), mood stabilizers (2 comparisons), and antidepressapsychotropic drugs in patients with psychiatric disorders in general.<br />The findings suggest Single-DD can be clinically adopted regardless of type of psychotropic drugs in patients with psychiatric disorders in general.<br />The tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) has been reported to be associated with some neurodevelopmental impairment and psychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, a nationwide study to clarify the risk between TOF and comorbid psychiatric disorders is lacking. Using a nationwide database in Taiwan, this study aimed to explore the role of TOF in various psychiatric disorders and analyze whether there are patient-related risk factors.<br />A total of 16,824 enrolled patients, including 4,206 study subjects who were diagnosed with TOF and 12,618 controls with TOF matched (13) for sex, age, hospital visits, and index year, were randomly selected from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) between 2000 and 2015. Patients' diagnoses in the NHIRD were encoded using International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification codes.<br />Of patients with TOF, 256 (6.09%) developed psychiatric disorders compared to 394 (3.12%) in the control group. After adjusting for covariates, the adjusted hazard ratio of psychiatric disorders for patients with TOF was 3.192 (95% CI, 2.683-3.798; P &lt; .001). After exclusion of psychiatric diagnoses within the first 5 years, TOF was associated with an increased risk of anxiety (P &lt; .001), depression (P &lt; .001), bipolar disorder (P &lt; .001), and sleep disorders (P = .005).<br />This study revealed that TOF patients have a nearly 3-fold higher risk of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depressive, bipolar, and sleep disorders, than the general population. Therefore, continued mental health screening and surveillance are warranted in TOF patients.<br />This study revealed that TOF patients have a nearly 3-fold higher risk of psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depressive, bipolar, and sleep disorders, than the general population. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bso-l-buthionine-s-r-sulfoximine.html click here] Therefore, continued mental health screening and surveillance are warranted in TOF patients.<br />Previous research shows elevated disability in psychotic disorders. However, co-occurring symptomatology has been increasingly highlighted as predictive of clinical outcomes in the psychotic spectrum. The current study investigates how both psychotic and nonpsychotic symptom domains predict functioning across psychotic disorders.<br />Outpatients (N = 128) with psychotic spectrum diagnoses participated in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) Field Trials at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health in Toronto, Canada, in 2011, including the repeated administration of "cross-cutting" brief screening measures that assessed internalizing (eg, anxiety, depression), substance use (eg, alcohol, psychoactive drug use), and psychotic symptoms. Level of functioning was also assessed by self-report and clinician-rated World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHO-DAS-II). The relation between symptom domains and disability was examined concurrently and pr that fall outside the primary psychiatric concern, in recovery-oriented clinical work in psychosis.<br />This research supports the potential clinical utility of rapid screening tools available in the newest psychiatric diagnostic manual. The internalizing symptom domain was the strongest predictor of functional outcome for outpatients with psychotic disorders. The results highlight the relevance of a broad range of symptoms, including those that fall outside the primary psychiatric concern, in recovery-oriented clinical work in psychosis.<br />The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in children and adolescents is based on a limited evidence base in the medical literature. We report outcomes of a cohort of youth treated with ECT at a single US academic medical center.<br />We conducted a retrospective chart review and analysis of all patients aged 18 years and younger who received ECT at the University of Utah from 1985 through 2016. For each patient record, 3 short-term clinical outcomes were assessed response on the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale, number of treatments administered, and reported side effects. Baseline characteristics were tested as predictors of clinical outcomes.<br />One hundred seven youth (aged 10-18 years, 46% female) received ECT for a mood disorder, psychotic disorder, catatonia, or neuroleptic malignant syndrome. The most common diagnoses (DSM-IV-TR or DSM-5) were major depressive disorder (76 patients) and bipolar disorder (23 patients). The rate of response (much improved or very much improved) for the entire cohort was 77%.