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03). Creatine treatment was associated with a significant decrease in %MMAs among participants with choline concentrations below the median (P = 0.04), but not among participants above the median (P = 0.94); this effect did not significantly differ between strata (P = 0.10).<br />Effects of FA and creatine supplementation on arsenic methylation capacity were greater among individuals with low betaine and choline status, respectively. The efficacy of FA and creatine interventions to facilitate arsenic methylation may be modified by choline and betaine nutritional status.<br />Clinical Trial Registry Identifier NCT01050556, U.S. National Library of Medicine, https//clinicaltrials.gov ; registered January 15, 2010.<br />Clinical Trial Registry Identifier NCT01050556, U.S. National Library of Medicine, https//clinicaltrials.gov ; registered January 15, 2010.<br />We previously found that worse dental caries status was associated with high pulse pressure among patients on hemodialysis, indicating that such patients might have arteriosclerosis. In this study, we used abdominal computed tomography to evaluate arteriosclerosis in patients on hemodialysis and investigated the association between arteriosclerosis and dental caries status. [https://www.selleckchem.com/ selleck inhibitor] We also prospectively examined risk factors associated with 2-year prognosis.<br />The dental caries and periodontal disease statuses of 80 patients on hemodialysis were evaluated using the decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) index, and periodontal pocket depth, respectively. The aortic calcification index was semiquantitatively measured using computed tomography images of the abdominal aorta. Clinical data were also analyzed after all patients on hemodialysis provided written, informed consent to participate in the study.<br />Regression analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between the DMFT and aortic calcification indexes. Multiple regression analysis showed that the DMFT index was significantly correlated with the aortic calcification index, following adjustment for age, sex, and dialysis period. Thirteen of the 80 patients died during the 2-year follow-up period; logistic regression analysis showed that mortality rate was significantly associated with the aortic calcification index, but not the DMFT index. However, periodontal pocket depth was not correlated with the aortic calcification index.<br />These findings suggest that worse dental caries status could be associated with arteriosclerosis among patients on hemodialysis, which may indirectly affect the prognosis of arteriosclerosis in these patients.<br />These findings suggest that worse dental caries status could be associated with arteriosclerosis among patients on hemodialysis, which may indirectly affect the prognosis of arteriosclerosis in these patients.<br />Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity is a common adverse event during chemotherapeutic treatment. No uniformly applicable strategies exist to predict, prevent, or treat gastrointestinal toxicity. Thus, a goal of mucositis research is to identify targets for therapeutic interventions and individualized risk prediction. Fibrinogen C domain containing 1 (FIBCD1) is a transmembrane protein expressed in human intestinal epithelial cells with functions in the innate immune system. Previous observations have shown that FIBCD1 ameliorates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced intestinal inflammation in vivo. We evaluated the effect of FIBCD1 in a murine model of chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity and inflammation.<br />Transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing FIBCD1 in the intestinal epithelium (Fibcd1<br />) and wild-type (WT) littermates (C57BL/6N) were randomized to receive an intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin 20 mg/kg or saline and were terminated 2 or 7 days after the injection. Gastrointestinal toxicity was evaluated by weight change, intestinal length, villus height/crypt depth, and histological mucositis score. Expression of inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, and Tnfα) was measured by quantitative real-time PCR in intestinal tissue samples.<br />Following doxorubicin treatment, WT mice exhibited an increased weight loss compared with Tg littermates (p &lt; 0.001). No differences between genotypes were seen in mucositis score, intestinal length, villus height/crypt depth, or IL-6, IL-1β, and Tnfα expression.<br />Our findings suggest that FIBCD1 could ameliorate chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity by reducing weight loss; however, the mechanism of this possible protective effect remains to be defined warranting additional investigations.<br />Our findings suggest that FIBCD1 could ameliorate chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity by reducing weight loss; however, the mechanism of this possible protective effect remains to be defined warranting additional investigations.<br />Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) is a common symptom that occurs in 50 to 80% of patients. Given that the majority of the data on the occurrence and severity of CID is based on physician-rated toxicity criteria, this study's purposes were to identify subgroups of patients with distinct CID profiles and determine how these subgroups differ in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics; severity, frequency, and distress of CID; the co-occurrence of common GI symptoms; and QOL.<br />Patients (n= 1133) completed the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale six times over two cycles of chemotherapy. Latent profile analysis was used to identify subgroups of patients with distinct diarrhea profiles. Differences among these subgroups were evaluated using parametric and nonparametric statistics.<br />Four distinct diarrhea profiles were identified none (58.3%), decreasing (22.0%), increasing (5.2%), and high (14.5%). Compared with the none class, patients in the high class had a lower functional status, a worse comorbidity profile, were more likely to have gastrointestinal cancer, and were more likely to receive chemotherapy on a 14-day cycle. No differences were found among the classes in the percentages of patients who received chemotherapy with a targeted therapy.<br />Given that CID occurred in over 40% of the patients, clinicians should assess for this symptom and other common GI symptoms and initiate appropriate pharmacologic and dietary interventions.<br />Given that CID occurred in over 40% of the patients, clinicians should assess for this symptom and other common GI symptoms and initiate appropriate pharmacologic and dietary interventions.