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Food waste management plays a central role in the circular economy. To our knowledge, only a few studies have investigated the use of unsold fruit and vegetables from supermarkets as a substitute source for the extraction of natural colorants. Thus, the aim of this paper was to suggest a green, tailored protocol that avoids the use of organic solvents for the recovery of betalains from unsold red beets for use as a food colorant. The recovery of such pigments was carried out by a tailored enzymatic mix, blended considering the polysaccharide composition of the beetroot cell wall; thus, it consisted of cellulase (37%), xylanase (35%), and pectinase (28%). The enzyme-assisted extraction protocol was optimized, and the most suitable conditions (in terms of pigment yield and color attributes) for the recovery of betalains from unsold beets appeared to be 25 U/g total dose of enzymatic mix, temperature 25 °C, and processing time 240 min.The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on US adults' smoking and quitting behaviors is unclear. We explored the impact of COVID-19 on smoking behaviors, risk perceptions, and reactions to text messages during a statewide stay-at-home advisory among primary care patients who were trying to quit. From May-June 2020, we interviewed smokers enrolled in a 12-week, pilot cessation trial providing text messaging and mailed nicotine replacement medication (NCT04020718). Twenty-two individuals (82% white, mean age 55 years), representing 88% of trial participants during the stay-at-home advisory, completed exit interviews; four (18%) of them reported abstinence. Interviews were thematically analyzed by two coders. COVID-19-induced environmental changes had mixed effects, facilitating quitting for some and impeding quitting for others. While stress increased for many, those who quit found ways to cope with stress. Generally, participants felt at risk for COVID-19 complications but not at increased risk of becoming infected. Reactions to COVID-19 and quitting behaviors differed across age groups, older participants reported difficulties coping with isolation (e.g., feeling disappointed when a text message came from the study and not a live person). Findings suggest that cessation interventions addressing stress and boredom are needed during COVID-19, while smokers experiencing isolation may benefit from live-person supports.Central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) is associated with difficulties hearing and processing acoustic information, as well as subsequent impacts on the development of higher-order cognitive processes (i.e., attention and language). Yet CAPD also lacks clear and consistent diagnostic criteria, with widespread clinical disagreement on this matter. As such, identification of biological markers for CAPD would be useful. A recent genome association study identified a potential CAPD risk gene, USH2A. In a homozygous state, this gene is associated with Usher syndrome type 2 (USH2), a recessive disorder resulting in bilateral, high-frequency hearing loss due to atypical cochlear hair cell development. However, children with heterozygous USH2A mutations have also been found to show unexpected low-frequency hearing loss and reduced early vocabulary, contradicting assumptions that the heterozygous (carrier) state is "phenotype free". Parallel evidence has confirmed that heterozygous Ush2a mutations in a transgenicrations in cochlear development due to USH2A variation can secondarily impact the development of brain regions important for auditory processing ability.The ability of ants to detect and remove conidia-contaminated aphids, aimed at limiting contacts with potentially dangerous entities, is an effective antifungal mechanism to prevent the spread of infection among both their nestmates and aphids, their main suppliers of carbohydrates. However, the spread and the scale of this quarantining behaviour among ants are still scarcely studied. Among seven ant species studied, active usage of quarantining behaviour was found only in Formica ants. The behaviour of Lasius fuliginosus (Latreille) aphid milkers towards Chaitophorus populeti (Panzer) aphids covered with conidia of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo-Crivelli) Vuillemin was studied in the field. Most aggressive milkers quickly detected and removed conidia-contaminated aphids from the plant, carrying them down and placing them some distance away from the experimental aspen trees. In general, active usage of quarantining behaviour towards conidia-contaminated aphids was found to be not limited to the genus Formica, but typical of L. fuliginosus as well. The response of milkers of L. fuliginosus and Formica s. str. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/salinosporamide-a-npi-0052-marizomib.html selleck] ants to living aphids covered with conidia is quite similar. Removal of most fungus-contaminated aphids from the plant enables these ants to reduce the risk of infection transmission among both their nestmates and aphids.<br />Cardioprotective effects of H<br />S are being suggested by numerous studies. Furthermore, H<br />S plays a role in relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, protects against oxidative stress, and modulates inflammation. Long-term high-dose use of NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, have been associated with enhanced cardiovascular risk. The goal of the present work is the synthesis and basic pharmacological characterization of a newly designed H<br />S-releasing ibuprofen derivative.<br />Following the synthesis of EV-34, a new H<br />S-releasing derivative of ibuprofen, oxidative stability assays were performed (Fenton and porphyrin assays). Furthermore, stability of the molecule was studied in rat serum and liver lysates. H<br />S-releasing ability of the EC-34 was studied with a hydrogen sulfide sensor. MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol 2-yl)-2,5-(diphenyltetrazolium bromide)) assay was carried out to monitor the possible cytotoxic effect of the compound. Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory property of EV-34 was also evaluated. Carrageenan assay was carried out to compare the anti-inflammatory effect of EV-34 to ibuprofen in rat paws.<br />The results revealed that the molecule is stable under oxidative condition of Fenton reaction. However, EV-34 undergoes biodegradation in rat serum and liver lysates. In cell culture medium H<br />S is being released from EV-34. No cytotoxic effect was observed at concentrations of 10, 100, 500 µM. The COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory effects of the molecule are comparable to those of ibuprofen. Furthermore, based on the carrageenan assay, EV-34 exhibits the same anti-inflammatory effect to that of equimolar amount of ibuprofen (100 mg/bwkg).<br />The results indicate that EV-34 is a safe H<br />S releasing ibuprofen derivative bearing anti-inflammatory properties.<br />The results indicate that EV-34 is a safe H2S releasing ibuprofen derivative bearing anti-inflammatory properties.