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Litterfall helps maintaining primary production and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. However, few studies have investigated long-term characteristics of litterfall in tropical karst and non-karst forests co-occurring in the same region. A 10-year comparative study was conducted to estimate the biomass, litter accumulation, turnover rate, nutrient return and nutrient use efficiency associated with litterfall in a karst forest (KF) and a nearby non-karst forest (NKF) in northern tropical China. Significant spatial-temporal variation was observed in monthly and annual litterfall biomass in the two forests. Annual mean litterfall biomass in KF (9.75 Mg ha-1 year-1) was obviously lower than that in NKF (10.49 Mg ha-1 year-1). The litterfall biomass in NKF was significantly correlated with maximum air temperature, wind speed and total solar radiation, whereas that in KF was significantly correlated with relative humidity, wind speed and low temperature. Average stand litter in KF (2.92 Mg ha-1 year-1) was significantly higher than that in NKF (2.38 Mg ha-1 year-1). Stand litter mostly occurred during the cool and dry season, which coincided with litterfall input and exhibited bimodal pattern. Turnover rate was 1.3 time higher in NKF than in KF, suggesting that litter decomposed slowly in karst habitats. Distinct temporal dynamic and significant differences were observed in chemical composition of litterfall between KF and NKF. Total amounts of C, P, K and total nutrients returned to the topsoil in KF were significantly lower than those in NKF. The KF exhibited relatively high P and K use efficiency because of their low availability in karst soils. Compared with the non-karst habitat, the tropical karst habitats are more likely to develop a plant community with certain nutrient concentrations of litterfall and with a nutrient cycling mechanism that is well-adapted to harsh and heterogeneous condition.Antidepressants are drugs with a direct action on the brain's biochemistry through their interaction with the neurotransmitters, such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. The increasing worldwide contamination from these drugs may be witnessed through their increasing presence in the urban water cycle. Furthermore, their occurrence has been detected in non-urban water, such as rivers and oceans. Some endemic aquatic animals, such as certain fish and mollusks, have bioaccumulated different antidepressant drugs in their tissues. This problem will increase in the years to come because the present COVID-19 pandemic has increased the general worldwide occurrence of depression and anxiety, triggering the consumption of antidepressants and, consequently, their presence in the environment. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Rapamycin.html mTOR inhibitor] This work provides information on the occurrence of the most administrated antidepressants in urban waters, wastewater treatment plants, rivers, and oceans. Furthermore, it provides an overview of the analytical approaches currently used to detect each antidepressant presented. Finally, the ecotoxicological effect of antidepressants on several in vivo models are listed. Considering the information provided in this review, there is an urgent need to test the presence of antidepressant members of the MAOI and TCA groups. Furthermore, incorporating new degradation/immobilization technologies in WWTPs will be useful to stop the increasing occurrence of these drugs in the environment.Carbon tax is a powerful incentive to mitigate carbon emissions and promote energy revolutions. It is of vital importance to systematically explore and examine the socio-economic impacts of levying a carbon tax, such that desired compromises among socio-economic and environmental objectives can be identified. In order to fill the research gap on the stepped carbon tax, this study is to develop a factorial computable general equilibrium (FCGE) model for examining the interactive effects of multiple policy options (e.g., grouping of emission intensity/level, and relevant tax rates), and supporting the formulation of desired carbon-mitigation policies. It is discovered that (1) carbon tax of 18.37 to 38.25 Yuan/ton is a reasonable policy alternative for China; (2) the stepped carbon tax (high level on coal-related fuels) is more efficiency than conventional carbon tax policy; (3) the positive effects for reducing carbon emission intensity can be strengthened with an increasing step range; (4) interactive effects between stepped carbon taxes on coal-related energies and crude oil related energies should be jointly considered by the policy makers.Chlorpyrifos is a widely used organophosphate insecticide and ubiquitously detected in the environment. However, little attention has been paid to its endocrine disrupting effect to non-target organisms. In the present study, zebrafish was exposed to 13 and 65 μg/L of chlorpyrifos for 7 and 10 days to determine the induced neurotoxicity and the alteration of thyroid metabolism. The 120 h LC50 and LC10 of chlorpyrifos was estimated as 1.35 mg/L and 0.62 mg/L based on the acute embryo toxicity assay, respectively. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory was detected by 13 μg/L chlorpyrifos and could be reversed by the co-exposure of 100 and 1000 μg/L anticholinergic agent atropine. For thyroid hormone level, 13 and 65 μg/L of chlorpyrifos induced increased free T3 levels in 10 dpf (days post-fertilization). The expression of thyroid related genes in 7 and 10 dpf exposed zebrafish were measured by the quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. The mRNA expression of tshba, thrb, crhb, ttr, tpo, ugt1ab and slc5a5 had significant change. However, the alterations of thyroid hormone and mRNA expression could be partly rescued by the addition of atropine. The molecular docking of chlorpyrifos and T3 to the thyroid receptor β in zebrafish using homology modelling and CDOCKER procedures shown weaker binding ability of chlorpyrifos compared to T3. Therefore, we concluded that the disturbance of thyroid signaling in zebrafish might arise from the developmental neurotoxicity induced by chlorpyrifos.High species diversity is generally thought to be a requirement for sustaining forest multifunctionality. However, the degree to which the relationship between species-, structural-, and trait-diversity of forests and multifunctionality depend on the context (such as stand age or abiotic conditions) is not well studied. Here, we hypothesized that context-dependency of tree species diversity, functional trait composition and stand structural attributes promote temperate forest multifunctionality including above- and below-ground multiple and single functions. To do so, we used repeated forest inventory data, from temperate mixed forests of northeast China, to quantify two above-ground (i.e. coarse woody productivity and wild edible plant biomass), five below-ground (i.e. soil organic carbon, total soil nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and sulfur) functions, tree species diversity, individual tree size variation (CVDBH) and functional trait composition of specific leaf area (CWMSLA) as well as stand age and abiotic conditions.