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is protected. Hence, this procedure deserves to be promoted clinically.<br />Laparoscopic radical cystectomy + orthotopic ileal neobladder has the characteristics of limited trauma, a minimal amount of bleeding and a fast recovery. The functions of orthotopic neobladders are good, and the occurrence rate of postoperative complications is low. In addition, body immunity is protected. Hence, this procedure deserves to be promoted clinically.<br />In this study we aimed to investigate the long-term clinical and radiological results, revision rates and causes, and the rate of implant survival in total hip arthroplasty performed using CLS<br />expansion cup and Spotorno<br />cementless femoral stem.<br />Clinical results of total hip arthroplasty performed on 131 hips of 114 patients in Istanbul Training and Research Hospital between 1993 and 2003 were retrospectively evaluated according to the Harris Hip Score. Revision rates were determined and implant survival rates were identified using the Kaplan-Meier estimator.<br />Of the patients, 39 were males and 75 were females. The average age of the patients at surgery was 48.7±11.3 years. Patients were followed up for a mean period of 13.9±2.4 years. The mean Harris Hip Score was 34.35±6.09 preoperatively and 88.20±7.11 at the final follow-up (p&lt;0.001). The Kaplan-Meier survivorship estimate for the cup at 13.9 years, taking revision for any reason as the end point was 95.6% (95% CI), while the 15<br />and 17<br />year survival rates were 90% and 85%, respectively.<br />In total hip arthroplasty using a cementless expansive acetabular cup, a 95.6% survival rate is achieved after an average of 14 years, whereas the rate decreases to 85% after 17 years. Even if the incidence of cup breakage is reduced with proper implantation, particle disease and periacetabular osteolysis remains a problem for the long-term survival.<br />In total hip arthroplasty using a cementless expansive acetabular cup, a 95.6% survival rate is achieved after an average of 14 years, whereas the rate decreases to 85% after 17 years. Even if the incidence of cup breakage is reduced with proper implantation, particle disease and periacetabular osteolysis remains a problem for the long-term survival.<br />To evaluate marginal fit and internal adaptation of three-unit Zr frameworks fabricated from four Zr CAD/CAM milling systems.<br />Fixed partial denture models were replicated (40 stone models) using Polyvinyl Siloxane impression material (PVS) and type IV stone for Zr framework fabrication. FPDs were milled with four CAD/CAM systems, Group-II LAVAL Zirconia milled by LAVA , Group-2 Vita In-Ceram YZ milled by Cerec®, Group-3 Zirconia milled by GM1000 and Group-4 Zirconia milled by DWX-50N. Twelve marginal gap measurements per framework were performed at pre-established points, with a metallurgical microscope (Zeiss, Germany) at 500X magnification. Eight measurements of cement space per section were performed for adaptation. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test.<br />Zirconia FPD frameworks exhibited gaps ranging from 16 to 50.1 µm for marginal fit and 26.8 to 102.5 µm for internal adaptation. Group-3 [20.8 (8.3) µm &amp; 50.3 (11.4) µm] and Group-4 [16.0 (4.0) µm &amp; 40.2 (8.8) µm] specimens showed significantly lower marginal fit and internal adaptation gaps compared to Group-I [50.1 (13.4) µm &amp; 100.5 (16.7) µm] and Group-2 [38.9 (8.2) µm &amp; 102.5 (13.4) µm] specimens respectively.<br />Different CAD-CAM systems for fabrication of Zr FPD frameworks displayed a significant influence on marginal fit and internal adaptation of restorations.<br />Different CAD-CAM systems for fabrication of Zr FPD frameworks displayed a significant influence on marginal fit and internal adaptation of restorations.<br />In children younger than two years, most surgeons perform the inguinal herniotomy superficially through the external ring, a technique known as Mitchell-Banks' Herniotomy (MBH) while in older children, commonly Ferguson and Gross Herniotomy (FGH) is performed which involves opening of inguinal canal. Our aim was to compare the FGH and MBH in terms of recurrence in boys with inguinal hernia.<br />Boys with inguinal hernia presenting to Pediatric Surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore from Dec 2016 to January 2018 were included in the study, if older than two years and younger than 14 years and without palpable deep ring (2 cm or more in width) or strangulation of inguinal hernia or malnutrition. They were randomly allocated in 2 groups after obtaining informed consent from parents, and underwent MBH (Group-A) and FGH (Group-B). Children were called for follow up after 1 week and at 6 months to assess for recurrence.<br />Total 260 patients with inguinal hernia were enrolled (NCT 03392636). The mean age of boys in Group-A was 5.2±3.0 years and in Group-B was 5.9±3.1 years. Mean operating time in Group-A (26.65±3.22 minutes) was longer than Group-B (15.92±4.22 minutes), and scrotal oedema was noted in 38 (29.2%) cases in Group-A, while 7 (5.4%) cases in Group-B. Testicular atrophy was noted in one patient of Group-B. Recurrence occurred in 1(0.8%) patient in Group-A, and in 8(6.2%) patients in Group-B (p-value 0.018).<br />Mitchell-Banks' herniotomy has lower recurrence rate than Ferguson and Gross Herniotomy in boys older than two years.<br />Mitchell-Banks' herniotomy has lower recurrence rate than Ferguson and Gross Herniotomy in boys older than two years.<br />The objective of the current study was to find prevalence of relevant ESBL and carbapenemase producing genes in nosocomial<br />and<br />isolates and to check phenotypic susceptibility of all ESBL positive isolates to carbapenems.<br />Forty ESBL producing clinical isolates of<br />(n=33) and<br />(n=7) were examined for the presence of β-lactamase genes (CTX-M, CTX-M-1, 2, 3, 4 and TEM). Carbapenem resistance was checked phenotypically and by presence of<br />gene.<br />Nine (27%) were positive for CTX-M genes, and 10 (30%) for TEM among<br />isolates. Importantly, six isolates showed co-existence of CTX-M and TEM genes. In<br />, two (28%) isolates were positive for CTX-M and one (14%) for TEM genes. Eight (24%)<br />and one (14%)<br />isolates were positive for CTX-M-1. Respective figures for CTX-M-4 were three (10%) and one (14%). CTX-M-2 and CTX-M-3 groups were not represented. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/thal-sns-032.html THAL-SNS-032 in vivo] Twenty (50%) isolates were resistant to both imipenem and meropenem out of which only four isolates expressed<br />gene.<br />The significant presence of both ESBL and carbapenemase producers and co-existence of ESBL and carbapenemases in the same isolates is worrisome.