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This work reports the development of a mechanochemistry activated covalent conjugation (MACC) reaction that shows areas of interfacial failure in soft hydrogels. Hydrogels are prone to delamination from rigid substrates due to the competition between swelling and adhesion, which can lead to bonding failure in a mechanism similar to crack propagation in harder materials. In this work, reductive amination was shown to occur when a ketone-bearing fluorescein derivative was bonded to an amine-functionalized hydrogel, as both of these moieties were found to be necessary for covalent conjugation into the gel network. For thin, circular polyacrylamide hydrogels, wrinkle patterns and regions of subsequent delamination at the edge of the gel were found to be selectively tagged by the dye. This reaction was then used to explore the effect of gel properties on patterns of interfacial failure. As cross-linker loading increased, the propagation of the delamination front and the area fraction of delamination were both found to increase, as shown by fluorescence images of gels. Increasing the thickness of the gel increased the fraction of delaminated area but did not change its propagation toward the center of the gel. This MACC reaction shows how mechanochemical reactions can be used for fluorescence tagging without incorporating mechanophores into the polymer gel matrix.Superhydrophobic conductive materials have received a great amount of interest due to their wide applications in oil-water separation, electrically driven smart surface, electromagnetic shielding, and body motion detection. Herein, a highly conductive superhydrophobic cotton cloth is prepared by a facile method. A layer of polydopamine/reduced graphene oxide (PDA/rGO) was first coated on the cotton fabric, and then copper nanoparticles were in situ grown on the prepared surface. After further modification with stearic acid (STA), the wettability of the cotton surface changed from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic (water contact angle (WCA) = 153°). The electrical conductivity of the PDA/rGO/Cu/STA cotton is as high as 6769 S·m-1, while the stearic acid effectively protects Cu NPs from oxidation. As a result, the superhydrophobic PDA/rGO/Cu/STA cotton has shown excellent electrical stability and can be used in detecting human motions in both ambient and underwater conditions. The sensor can recognize human motion from air into water and other underwater activities (e.g., underwater bending, stretching, and ultrasound). This multifunctional cotton device can be used as an ideal sensor for underwater intelligent devices and provides a basis for further research.Collection of nasopharyngeal samples using swabs followed by the transfer of the virus into a solution and an RNA extraction step to perform reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the primary method currently used for the diagnosis of COVID-19. However, the need for several reagents and steps and the high cost of PCR hinder its worldwide implementation to contain the outbreak. Here, we report a cotton-tipped electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus antigen. Unlike the reported approaches, we integrated the sample collection and detection tools into a single platform by coating screen-printed electrodes with absorbing cotton padding. The immunosensor was fabricated by immobilizing the virus nucleocapsid (N) protein on carbon nanofiber-modified screen-printed electrodes which were functionalized by diazonium electrografting. The detection of the virus antigen was achieved via swabbing followed by competitive assay using a fixed amount of N protein antibody in the solution. [https://www.selleckchem.com/JAK.html JAK phosphorylation] A square wave voltammetric technique was used for the detection. The limit of detection for our electrochemical biosensor was 0.8 pg/mL for SARS-CoV-2, indicating very good sensitivity for the sensor. The biosensor did not show significant cross-reactivity with other virus antigens such as influenza A and HCoV, indicating high selectivity of the method. Moreover, the biosensor was successfully applied for the detection of the virus antigen in spiked nasal samples showing excellent recovery percentages. Thus, our electrochemical immunosensor is a promising diagnostic tool for the direct rapid detection of the COVID-19 virus that requires no sample transfer or pretreatment.In lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), conversion-based electrodes such as transition-metal oxides and sulfides exhibit promising characteristics including high capacity and long cycle life. However, the main challenge for conversion electrodes to be industrialized remains on voltage hysteresis. In this study, Mn3O4 powder was used as an anode material for LIBs to investigate the root cause of the hysteresis. First, the electrochemical reaction paths were found to be dominated by Mn/Mn2+ redox couple after the first lithiation from galvanostatic charging/discharging (GCD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements. Then, the voltage hysteresis was proposed to be composed of reaction overpotential (∼0.373 V) and intrinsic overpotential (∼0.377 V), which were related to the diffusion behaviors according to CV, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses. Furthermore, results revealed that the formation of disparate phase distribution during lithiation and delithiation could be the root cause of the intrinsic overpotential of Mn3O4. These results were based on ultrahigh-resolution transmission electron microscopy (UHRTEM) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. It was expected that improving the diffusion behaviors of the systems could eliminate the voltage hysteresis of Mn3O4. In summary, this paper provides an explicit insight into the hysteresis for conversion-based Mn3O4 that could also be applied to other oxide systems and very crucial to reduce energy loss for commercializing oxides as anode materials in LIBs.Hooked fingernail deformity can develop after any type of fingertip amputation. A more proximal amputation is associated with a higher probability of developing hooked fingernails. Proximal fingertip amputations with very short remaining nail beds are recommended for revision amputation with nail bed ablation. This procedure eliminates the possibility that the patient may have a functional nail. When the nail matrix is still retained, an oblique triangular neurovascular island flap may preserve the nail and digit length. At our institution, the modified oblique triangular neurovascular island flap is routinely used for patients who underwent fingertip amputation with a retained nail bed. These modifications may aid in preventing the development of hooked nail deformity and creating a round pulp contour without the need for fixation, composite grafts, or distant soft tissue transfer.