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The thermoresponsive behavior of the formulations was established with gelation temperature ranging from 28.1 to 29.4˚C. The formulation SSMP (35) HDMP (25) resulted in sagging of the printed constructs, whereas the formulation SSMP (55) HDMP (5.0) exhibited the highest dimensional stability and shape retention post printing, owing to its maximum τ0 (1211.8 Pa) and G' (7026.4 Pa). The results obtained could provide insight into improving the performance of an HME based 3D printing in the dairy and food industries.Food safety monitoring is essential for hazard identification in food chain, but its application may be limited due to costly analytical methods and (inefficient) sampling procedures. The objective of this study was to design cost-effective monitoring schemes for food safety contaminants along the food production chain, given restricted monitoring budgets. As a case study, we focused on dioxins in the dairy supply chain with feed mills, dairy farms, dairy trucks and storage silos in dairy plants as possible control points. The cost-effectiveness of monitoring schemes was assessed using a model consisting of a simulation module and an optimization module. In the simulation module, the probability to collect at least one contaminated sample was computed for different sampling strategies (simple random sampling, stratified random sampling and systematic sampling) at each control point. The optimization module maximized the effectiveness of a monitoring scheme to identify the contaminated sample by determining the optimal sampling strategies, the optimal number of incremental samples collected, and the pooling rate (number of collected samples mixed into one aggregated sample) at each control point. The modelling approach was applied to two cases with different types of contamination. Results of these cases showed that, to identify the same contaminated sample, monitoring schemes with systematic sampling were more cost-effective at feed mills and dairy farms. The combination of simulation and optimization methods showed to be useful for developing cost-effective food safety monitoring schemes along the food supply chain.Cronobacter spp. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/VX-809.html Selleckchem Lumacaftor] are opportunistic pathogenic bacteria that cause severe diseases in neonates and infants. Bacteriophages are novel antibacterial agents with a potential to control this pathogen. In the current study, a novel lytic Cronobacter phage, vB_CtuP_A24, was isolated from a river in Guangzhou, China. The phage was characterized by a short, non-contractile tail and a long head and identified as a new member of the family Podoviridae. Complete genome sequence analysis of this phage indicated that its genome contained 75,106 bp of DNA, an average GC content of 44.05%, and 108 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). The annotated ORFs were associated with phage structure, packaging, host lysis, DNA manipulation, transcription, and additional functions. Genes responsible for antibiotic resistance, virulence, and toxic effects were not present. Cronobacter phage vB_CtuP_A24 is a novel lytic phage that can lyse five Cronobacter spp. It was stable over a wide range of temperatures (25-60 °C) and pH values (pH 4-11) and displayed a short latent period (approximately 10 min) and a large burst size (500 plaque-forming units (PFUs)/cell). In Luria-Bertani (LB) broth, phage A24 effectively inhibited the growth of C. dublinensis cro280B, C. sakazakii 465G, and C. malonaticus cro695W up to 9, 10, and 12 h, respectively, while in infant milk formulas, it inhibited two strains, C. sakazakii 465G and C. malonaticus cro695W, up to 24 h at 37 °C, with maximum reduction levels of approximately 5.12 ± 3.95 and 7.38 ± 3.03 log10 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL, respectively. In lettuce, the reduction of all three strains was highly significant at 25 °C. However, the growth of C. dublinensis cro280B and C. sakazakii 465G were not significantly inhibited at 4 °C. In conclusion, Cronobacter spp. phage vB_CtuP_A24, which has lytic ability against five Cronobacter species, stability under different environments, and shows potential as a promising biocontrol agent against Cronobacter spp. in food production.This study investigated atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) jet, an emerging novel non-thermal technology, for the inactivation of human norovirus (NoV) on salmon sashimi. The influences of the non-thermal plasma on quality attributes of sashimi were also evaluated. Air, O2, and N2 (15 L/min) were used to produce the plasma jets. N2 plasma treatment for 12 min reduced NoV viral load (VL) (initial inoculums of 2.7 × 104 copies/g) by 2.17 × 104 copies/g, while air-based or O2-based plasma treatment for 9-12 min could reduce the VL to undetectable levels (below 100 copies/g). Under the same operating condition, the air-based or O2-based plasma treatment might increase slightly TBARS values in sashimi, yet the values (far below 1.0 mg MDA/kg) were within acceptable level for sashimi made with salmon fishes. The APP jets (APPJ) treatments could also retain the pH of sashimi at normal levels (6.29 ~ 6.02) to maintain the quality of salmon sashimi, the color quality of which was not affected evidently. The plasma-induced hardness and springiness changes in salmon sashimi were substantially low. These results suggested APPJ could be implemented as technology for inactivation of food-borne viruses and exhibited a high potential for application in fish sashimi processing, retaining product quality as well.This study investigated the antiviral effects of floating electrode-dielectric barrier discharge (FE-DBD) plasma treatment (1.1 kV, 43 kHz, N2 1.5 m/s, 5-30 min) against human norovirus (HuNoV) GII.4 in Jogaejeotgal Infectivity was assessed using real-time quantitative-PCR (RT-qPCR) following treatment of samples with propidium monoazide (PMA) and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (Sarkosyl). This study also investigated the effects of FE-DBD plasma treatment on Jogaejeotgal quality (assessed using pH value and Hunter colors). Following inoculation, the average titers of HuNoV GII.4 in Jogaejeotgal significantly (P 0.05) between the untreated and FE-DBD plasma-treated Jogaejeotgal. Based on these results, the PMA + Sarkosyl/RT-qPCR method could be assessing HuNoV viability following 5-30 min treatment of FE-DBD plasma. Furthermore, may be an optimal treatment for Jogaejeotgal without altering the food quality (color and pH).