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o automated detections of AI-based algorithms, has high specificity, good sensitivity, and overall accuracy similar to conventional EEG reading, with a significantly lower time-burden. The hybrid approach is accurate and suitable for clinical implementation.<br />Stiripentol (STP; Diacomit®) is an antiepileptic drug indicated for Dravet syndrome that has been identified as a γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) positive allosteric modulator. Dravet syndrome is characterized by multiple seizure types generalized tonic-clonic, focal, myoclonic, and absence seizures. In addition to its antiepileptic effects on tonic-clonic seizures, STP has also been reported to reduce the frequency of atypical absence seizures in patients. Our study focused on STP potential effects on absence seizures, to better characterize its full spectrum of mechanisms of action.<br />STP effects on absence seizures were quantified by electroencephalographic recording in two animal models rats treated with a low dose of pentylenetetrazol (20 mg/kg ip) and rats from the WAG/Rij strain. In addition, we characterized STP effects on T-type calcium channel activity. Peak currents were recorded with manual patch clamp on cells transfected with cDNA encoding for the human isoform for Ca<br />3.1, Ca<br />3.2, and Ca<br />ese data highlight a new mechanism of action of STP on abnormal thalamocortical activity. This strong antiabsence effect on seizures is correlated with an inhibition of T-type calcium channels. This new mechanism of action could be implicated in the specificity of STP therapeutic effects in Dravet syndrome.<br />Breast cancer requires the greatest expenditure among all cancer types, and the costs vary by cancer stage and biomarker status.<br />This study aimed to examine the differences in public healthcare costs of breast cancer in New Zealand by stage and subtype.<br />This study included patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 1 July 2010 and 30 June 2018 and receiving services in public hospitals. These patients were identified from the National Breast Cancer Register and/or New Zealand Cancer Registry. Linking with the Pharmaceutical Collection, National Minimum Dataset, National Non-Admitted Patient Collection, and Mortality Collection, we estimated the median public healthcare costs of breast cancer by cancer stage and biomarker subtype.<br />We identified 22,948 eligible patients. The median costs of breast cancer increased with stage of disease, from $NZ26,930 for stage I disease to $NZ50,388 for stage IV disease. The median costs for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) disease nicians and policy makers when considering new targeted treatments.We aimed to study the distribution of Circle of Willis (CoW) morphology and its association with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) etiology and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) burden. Patients with primary ICH who had brain MRIs were consecutively enrolled between March 2012 and January 2021. CoW morphology, CSVD features and the combined CSVD burden (including global CSVD burden, total hypertensive arteriopathy [HA] burden, and total cerebral amyloid angiopathy [CAA] burden) were assessed. CoW morphology included poor CoW (defined as CoW score 0-2), incomplete CoW, and complete fetal-variant of the posterior communicating artery (CFPcoA). Among 296 patients enrolled, 215 were included in the analysis. There was no significant difference among HA-, CAA-, and mixed-ICH in each CoW morphology. Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested that poor CoW was associated with a greater incidence of HA-ICH and low incidence of mixed ICH in patients aged less then 60 years, while mixed ICH occurred more frequently in patients with CFPcoA, especially in those without hypertension history (all p less then 0.050). Additionally, incomplete CoW was correlated with a larger incidence of lacunes (adjusted OR [adOR] 2.114, 95% CI 1.062-4.207), microbleeds ≥ 5 (adOR 2.437, 95% CI 1.187-5.002), and therefore the combined CSVD burden (adOR 1.194, 95% CI 1.004-1.419 for global CSVD burden, adOR 1.343, 95% CI 1.056-1.707 for total CAA burden), independent of modifiable vascular risk factors, but not age and sex. The CoW might therefore have a potential impact on ICH etiology and is associated with a greater CSVD burden. Our findings are novel, and need to be verified in future studies.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents a real challenge for health-care systems worldwide. Male sex, older age and the coexistence of chronic comorbidities have been described as the most relevant conditions associated with a worse prognosis. Early reports suggested that hypertension might represent a risk factor for susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, a more severe course of COVID-19 and increased COVID-19-related deaths. Nevertheless, the independent role of hypertension remains under debate, since hypertension is often associated with the older age and other cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in the general population, which may also contribute to the SARS-Cov-2 infection and COVID-19. Moreover, the role of antihypertensive drugs, primarily angiotensin-converting inhibitors (ACEIs) and ARBs (angiotensin receptor blockers) in COVID-19 development and outcome appears controversial. Indeed, preclinical studies using these classes of drugs have suggested a potential upregulation of angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is the key binding receptor promoting cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 in the organism. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers may potentially upregulate ACE2, hence, it has been initially hypothesized that these agents might contribute to a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and progressive course of COVID-19. However, several clinical reports do not support a detrimental role of RAS blockers in COVID-19, and an intense debate about the withdrawal or maintenance of chronic therapy with ACEi/ARB has been developed. In this review we will discuss the available evidence on the role of hypertension and antihypertensive drugs on SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 development.MicroRNAs (microRNAs) have been implicated to play crucial roles in various liver diseases. Hepatic microRNAs are released in to the circulation in a systematic fashion, and are, therefore, being extensively explored for their role as prognostic or diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets for numerous hepatic diseases. Advantages such as disease- or tissue-specific expression, and ease of detection have implicated circulating microRNAs (c-microRNAs) as the most desirable candidate for biomarker studies. Although several studies have explored c-microRNAs in serum or plasma, consistency of detection of microRNAs remains demanding because of many biological and methodological challenges. Lack of methodological consensus has limited the universal use of c-microRNAs as potential prognostic or diagnostic disease-specific biomarkers. In this review, we have discussed pre-analytical and analytical factors that might affect c-miRNA expression and selection of appropriate data normalization strategy by incorporating endogenous reference microRNAs. This review will aid designing of better approaches and protocols for future diagnostic research on hepatic c-microRNAs.<br />A phase IV clinical trial confirmed the safety and efficacy of repository corticotropin injection (RCI, Acthar<br />Gel) in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that was nonresponsive to standard-of-care therapies. The objective of this post hoc analysis was to identify baseline demographics and clinical characteristics that may be predictors of response to RCI.<br />The phase IV trial was a two-part, randomized, placebo-controlled withdrawal study. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ink128.html Sapanisertib] Post hoc analysis was conducted with the open-label portion of the trial data, in which all 258 subjects received RCI (80 U) twice weekly for 12weeks. Responders were subjects who achieved low disease activity (LDA) by a Disease Activity Score with 28-joint count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) of &lt; 3.2 at week 12. Responders were compared with nonresponders by assessing the proportion of subjects in each group for demographics and clinical characteristics, including weight, disease duration, medical history including osteoarthritis andions (p = 0.0193) were significant negative predictors of RCI response.<br />These results identify specific patient characteristics that may be considered predictors of positive or negative clinical response to RCI.<br />These results identify specific patient characteristics that may be considered predictors of positive or negative clinical response to RCI.Inadequate rice production worldwide is largely attributed to abiotic and biotic stresses, along with high sensitivity of cultivable plant germplasm. In the field of cereal biotechnology, rice engineering plays an important role in achieving tolerance to such stresses. Plant transformation and selection play crucial role in rice engineering. This review summarized the antibiotic, herbicide and metabolic selection marker genes (SMG) employed in diverse rice engineering studies. These SMGs are no longer required after the transformation has been achieved, hence undesirable at the commercial level. This study also included several strategies employed in rice engineering to eliminate such foreign DNA elements. These include co-transformation, site-specific recombination, transposon and CRISPR base approaches. CRISPR/Cas9 being simple and efficient, is considered a crucial step toward clean gene technology. Further ease and applicability of CRISPR/Cas9 in the embryos directly can help us to modify target genes with efficient marker-free selection in minimum time. Overall, this review summarizes and analyse the recent advances that have enormous potential in rice improvement.Molnupiravir (Lagevrio®) is an orally-administered antiviral prodrug that inhibits replication of RNA viruses through viral error induction. It is being developed by Merck and Ridgeback Biotherapeutics for the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Molnupiravir received its first approval on 4 November 2021 in the UK for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in adults with a positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnostic test and who have at least one risk factor for developing severe illness. Molnupiravir is filed for approval and has emergency use authorization for the treatment of COVID-19 in several countries, including the USA, Japan and those in the EU. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of molnupiravir leading to this first approval for COVID-19.Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an epithelial cell-derived cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Tezepelumab (tezepelumab-ekko; TEZSPIRE™) is a first-in-class human IgG2λ monoclonal antibody that inhibits the action of TSLP. Administered subcutaneously, it is being developed by Amgen and AstraZeneca for the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), chronic spontaneous urticaria and eosinophilic oesophagitis. Tezepelumab received its first approval on 17 December 2021 as an add-on maintenance treatment for patients aged ≥ 12 years with severe asthma in the USA; it is the only biologic approved for severe asthma with no phenotype (e.g. eosinophilic or allergic) or biomarker limitations. A regulatory assessment of tezepelumab for the treatment of asthma is currently underway in the EU and Japan. Tezepelumab received orphan drug designation for the treatment of eosinophilic oesophagitis in October 2021 in the USA, and is undergoing clinical development for the treatment of COPD, CRSwNP and chronic spontaneous urticaria.
Our research is conducive to highlighting not only the importance of environmental governance for mitigating the cost of debt to the firms exposed to air pollution, but also its importance to creditors exposed to their clients' environmental violation risk and default risk.In Chile, there are several abandoned mine tailing impoundments near population centers that need to be remediated. In this study, the ability of Oxalis gigantea, Cistanthe grandiflora, and Puya berteroniana to remove Zn, Ni, and Cr from mine tailings was evaluated. The plants' removal efficiency, bioconcentration, and translocation factors regarding these metals were determined to assess the ability of certain endemic species from Northern and Central Chile to extract or stabilize metals. After a period of seven months, the chemical analysis of plants and tailings, together with the statistical treatment of data, indicated the inability of all the species to translocate Ni, Cr, or Zn with a translocation factor lower than one. The results showed the stabilizing character of Oxalis gigantea, Puya berteroniana, and Cistanthe grandiflora for Zn, with a bioconcentration factor close to 1.2 in all cases, and the same ability of the latter two species for Cr, with a bioconcentration factor of 1.5 in the case of Cistanthe grandiflora and 1.7 for Puya berteroniana. Finally, a removal efficiency of 9.3% was obtained with Cistanthe grandiflora for Cr and 15% for Ni; values lower than 6.4% were obtained for Zn in all cases. [https://www.selleckchem.com/products/stf-31.html STF-31] Improvements in the process should be sought to enhance the performance of these species for the accumulation of the target metals.(1) Background For the elderly and disabled, self-driving is very important for social participation. An understanding of changing driving conditions is essential in order to drive safely. This study aimed to develop a web-based Korean Mini-Driving Scene Screening Test (MDSST) and to verify its reliability and validity for clinical application. (2) Methods We developed a web-based MDSST, and its content validity was verified by an expert group. The tests were conducted with 102 elderly drivers to verify the internal consistency and reliability of items, and the validity of convergence with the existing Korean-Safe Driving Behavior Measure (K-SDBM) and the Korean-Adelaide Driving Self-Efficacy Scale (K-ADSES) driving tests was also verified. The test-retest reliability was verified using 54 individuals who participated in the initial test. (3) Results The average content validity index of MDSST was 0.90, and the average internal consistency of all items was 0.822, indicating high content validity and internal consistency. The exploratory factor analysis for construct validity, the KOM value of the data, was 0.658, and Bartlett's sphericity test also showed a strongly significant result. The four factors were road traffic and signal perception, situation understanding, risk factor recognition, and situation prediction. The explanatory power was reliable at 61.27%. For the convergence validation, MDSST and K-SDBM showed r = 0.435 and K-ADSES showed r = 0.346, showing a moderate correlation. In the evaluation-reevaluation reliability verification, the reliability increased to r = 0.952. (4) Conclusions The web-based MDSST test developed in this study is a useful tool for detecting and understanding real-world driving situations faced by elderly drivers. It is hoped that the MDSST test can be applied more widely as a driving ability test that can be used in the clinical field of driving rehabilitation.Allostatic load (AL)-the biological assessment of long-term exposure to stress-may explain mortality-rate disparities among non-Hispanic Black (Black) men. We aimed to investigate AL among Black men with equivalent education status after controlling for income. A cross-sectional study was employed to investigate AL among 4113 Black men who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999-2018. A summation of 8 biomarker factors were used to compute AL, differences in socio-demographic characteristics by education status were evaluated, and health behaviors that may influence AL were examined. To determine the high-risk thresholds for each AL component, we examined each component's distribution among NHB men for whom complete biomarker data were available in the NHANES sample. High-risk thresholds were determined as either (1) above the 75th percentile for body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glycated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides; or (2) below the 25th percentile for serum albumin and serum creatinine. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios and their associated 95% confidence intervals for high AL risk while adjusting for potential confounders. Black men with a high school diploma/GED had a greater prevalence of high AL compared with Black men who had other levels of education, and a slightly higher prevalence of high AL compared with Black men who had less than a high school education. Black men with college degrees had a lower prevalence of high AL than Black men with the lowest levels of educational attainment. Researchers must further examine the hidden costs stemming from the interplay between discrimination associated with being Black in America and systemic racism in the educational system-which may be preventing Black men from achieving optimal health.Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) are both effective strategies for preventing HIV. There is limited information about the acceptability of these prevention measures in undeveloped areas of China. We aimed to examine the acceptability of PrEP and nPEP and their determinants among men who have sex with men (MSM). 219 MSM were recruited in Guilin, China. In total, 28.6% (95% CI 20.0-41.0) and 35.9% (95% CI 27.3-49.5) of the participants had heard of PrEP and nPEP, respectively, while 57.0% (95% CI 43.1-68.2) and 58.6 (95% CI44.8-68.8) reported they would be willing to use PrEP and nPEP after the methods were explained. A higher acceptability of PrEP was seen among participants who were previously married (aOR = 3.30; 95% CI 1.22-9.19), working as a laborer (aOR = 5.13; 95% CI 1.64-17.59), migrant workers/farmers (aOR = 2.56; 95% CI 1.15-5.79), government employees (aOR = 4.76; 95%CI 1.80-13.02), had higher social support (aOR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.03-1.08), and had been previously tested for HIV (aOR = 2.79; 95% CI 1.36-5.94). A higher acceptability of nPEP was associated with those having higher social support (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.04-1.09), not knowing their sexual partner's HIV status (aOR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.23-6.12), and having a prior HIV test (aOR = 5.53; 95% CI 2.58-12.51). PrEP and nPEP are acceptable, especially among MSM with higher social support and had received a previous HIV test. Effective education and different dissemination strategies to promote the acceptance of PrEP and nPEP among MSM are needed.<br />Exposure to air pollution is associated with acute pediatric asthma exacerbations, including reduced lung function, rescue medication usage, and increased symptoms; however, most studies are limited in investigating longitudinal changes in these acute effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of daily air pollution exposure on acute pediatric asthma exacerbation risk using a repeated-measures design.<br />We conducted a panel study of 40 children aged 8-16 years with moderate-to-severe asthma. We deployed the Biomedical REAI-Time Health Evaluation (BREATHE) Kit developed in the Los Angeles PRISMS Center to continuously monitor personal exposure to particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter &amp;lt; 2.5 µm (PM<br />), relative humidity and temperature, geolocation (GPS), and asthma outcomes including lung function, medication use, and symptoms for 14 days. Hourly ambient (PM<br />, nitrogen dioxide (NO<br />), ozone (O<br />)) and traffic-related (nitrogen oxides (NO<br />) and PM<br />) air pollution exposures were modeled breathing" symptom (odds ratio [95% CI] 1.83 [1.03, 3.24]). Exposure to ambient O<br />, NO<br />, and NO was significantly associated with increased rescue inhaler use (rate ratio [95% CI] O<br />1.52 [1.02, 2.27], NO<br />1.61 [1.23, 2.11], NO 1.80 [1.37, 2.35]).<br />We found significant associations of air pollution exposure with lung function, rescue inhaler use, and "feeling scared of trouble breathing." Our study demonstrates the potential of informatics and wearable sensor technologies at collecting highly resolved, contextual, and personal exposure data for understanding acute pediatric asthma triggers.<br />We found significant associations of air pollution exposure with lung function, rescue inhaler use, and "feeling scared of trouble breathing." Our study demonstrates the potential of informatics and wearable sensor technologies at collecting highly resolved, contextual, and personal exposure data for understanding acute pediatric asthma triggers.Family support through the sharing of information helps to shape and regulate the health and behaviours of family members, but little is known about how families are sharing COVID-19-related information, or about its associations with family communication quality and well-being. We examined the associations of COVID-19 information sharing methods with sociodemographic characteristics, the perceived benefits of information communication and technology (ICT) methods, and family communication quality and well-being in Hong Kong. Of 4852 respondents (53.2% female, 41.1% aged over 55 years), the most common sharing method was instant messaging (82.3%), followed by face-to-face communication (65.7%), phone (25.5%) and social media (15.8%). Female sex (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.09), older age (aPRs 1.14-1.22) and higher household income (aPR 1.06) (all p ≤ 0.04) were associated with instant messaging use, while post-secondary education was associated with face-to-face (aPR 1.10), video call (aPR 1.79), and email (aPR 2.76) communications (all p ≤ 0.03). Each ICT sharing method used was associated with a higher likelihood of both reported benefits (aPRs 1.26 and 1.52), better family communication quality and family well-being (adjusted βs 0.43 and 0.30) (all p ≤ 0.001). We have first shown that COVID-19 information sharing in families using both traditional methods and ICTs, and using more types of methods, was associated with perceived benefits and better family communication quality and well-being amidst the pandemic. Sociodemographic differences in COVID-19 information sharing using ICTs were observed. Digital training may help enhance social connections and promote family well-being.Sleep quality among college students is affected by numerous factors. Previous studies have linked sleep quality to family dynamics as well as personality. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The aim of this study is to incorporate a moderated mediation model to explore the big five personality traits in mediating the relationship between family dynamics and sleep quality and whether this indirect relationship is modified by only-child status among Chinese undergraduate students. Survey data were collected from a cross-sectional study conducted in Shandong, China and 1022 undergraduate students aged 18-24 were recruited. The mediation and moderated mediation modeling analyses were carried out with the software SPSS PROCESS macro. After controlling for gender and grade, mediation analysis indicated that conscientiousness and agreeableness of the big five personality traits partially mediated the link between family dynamics and sleep quality (β = -0.0093, CI -0.0178, -0.

Latest revision as of 09:23, 28 October 2024

Our research is conducive to highlighting not only the importance of environmental governance for mitigating the cost of debt to the firms exposed to air pollution, but also its importance to creditors exposed to their clients' environmental violation risk and default risk.In Chile, there are several abandoned mine tailing impoundments near population centers that need to be remediated. In this study, the ability of Oxalis gigantea, Cistanthe grandiflora, and Puya berteroniana to remove Zn, Ni, and Cr from mine tailings was evaluated. The plants' removal efficiency, bioconcentration, and translocation factors regarding these metals were determined to assess the ability of certain endemic species from Northern and Central Chile to extract or stabilize metals. After a period of seven months, the chemical analysis of plants and tailings, together with the statistical treatment of data, indicated the inability of all the species to translocate Ni, Cr, or Zn with a translocation factor lower than one. The results showed the stabilizing character of Oxalis gigantea, Puya berteroniana, and Cistanthe grandiflora for Zn, with a bioconcentration factor close to 1.2 in all cases, and the same ability of the latter two species for Cr, with a bioconcentration factor of 1.5 in the case of Cistanthe grandiflora and 1.7 for Puya berteroniana. Finally, a removal efficiency of 9.3% was obtained with Cistanthe grandiflora for Cr and 15% for Ni; values lower than 6.4% were obtained for Zn in all cases. STF-31 Improvements in the process should be sought to enhance the performance of these species for the accumulation of the target metals.(1) Background For the elderly and disabled, self-driving is very important for social participation. An understanding of changing driving conditions is essential in order to drive safely. This study aimed to develop a web-based Korean Mini-Driving Scene Screening Test (MDSST) and to verify its reliability and validity for clinical application. (2) Methods We developed a web-based MDSST, and its content validity was verified by an expert group. The tests were conducted with 102 elderly drivers to verify the internal consistency and reliability of items, and the validity of convergence with the existing Korean-Safe Driving Behavior Measure (K-SDBM) and the Korean-Adelaide Driving Self-Efficacy Scale (K-ADSES) driving tests was also verified. The test-retest reliability was verified using 54 individuals who participated in the initial test. (3) Results The average content validity index of MDSST was 0.90, and the average internal consistency of all items was 0.822, indicating high content validity and internal consistency. The exploratory factor analysis for construct validity, the KOM value of the data, was 0.658, and Bartlett's sphericity test also showed a strongly significant result. The four factors were road traffic and signal perception, situation understanding, risk factor recognition, and situation prediction. The explanatory power was reliable at 61.27%. For the convergence validation, MDSST and K-SDBM showed r = 0.435 and K-ADSES showed r = 0.346, showing a moderate correlation. In the evaluation-reevaluation reliability verification, the reliability increased to r = 0.952. (4) Conclusions The web-based MDSST test developed in this study is a useful tool for detecting and understanding real-world driving situations faced by elderly drivers. It is hoped that the MDSST test can be applied more widely as a driving ability test that can be used in the clinical field of driving rehabilitation.Allostatic load (AL)-the biological assessment of long-term exposure to stress-may explain mortality-rate disparities among non-Hispanic Black (Black) men. We aimed to investigate AL among Black men with equivalent education status after controlling for income. A cross-sectional study was employed to investigate AL among 4113 Black men who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 1999-2018. A summation of 8 biomarker factors were used to compute AL, differences in socio-demographic characteristics by education status were evaluated, and health behaviors that may influence AL were examined. To determine the high-risk thresholds for each AL component, we examined each component's distribution among NHB men for whom complete biomarker data were available in the NHANES sample. High-risk thresholds were determined as either (1) above the 75th percentile for body mass index (BMI), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), glycated hemoglobin, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol, and serum triglycerides; or (2) below the 25th percentile for serum albumin and serum creatinine. Modified Poisson regression models were used to estimate prevalence ratios and their associated 95% confidence intervals for high AL risk while adjusting for potential confounders. Black men with a high school diploma/GED had a greater prevalence of high AL compared with Black men who had other levels of education, and a slightly higher prevalence of high AL compared with Black men who had less than a high school education. Black men with college degrees had a lower prevalence of high AL than Black men with the lowest levels of educational attainment. Researchers must further examine the hidden costs stemming from the interplay between discrimination associated with being Black in America and systemic racism in the educational system-which may be preventing Black men from achieving optimal health.Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) are both effective strategies for preventing HIV. There is limited information about the acceptability of these prevention measures in undeveloped areas of China. We aimed to examine the acceptability of PrEP and nPEP and their determinants among men who have sex with men (MSM). 219 MSM were recruited in Guilin, China. In total, 28.6% (95% CI 20.0-41.0) and 35.9% (95% CI 27.3-49.5) of the participants had heard of PrEP and nPEP, respectively, while 57.0% (95% CI 43.1-68.2) and 58.6 (95% CI44.8-68.8) reported they would be willing to use PrEP and nPEP after the methods were explained. A higher acceptability of PrEP was seen among participants who were previously married (aOR = 3.30; 95% CI 1.22-9.19), working as a laborer (aOR = 5.13; 95% CI 1.64-17.59), migrant workers/farmers (aOR = 2.56; 95% CI 1.15-5.79), government employees (aOR = 4.76; 95%CI 1.80-13.02), had higher social support (aOR = 1.05; 95% CI 1.03-1.08), and had been previously tested for HIV (aOR = 2.79; 95% CI 1.36-5.94). A higher acceptability of nPEP was associated with those having higher social support (aOR = 1.06; 95% CI 1.04-1.09), not knowing their sexual partner's HIV status (aOR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.23-6.12), and having a prior HIV test (aOR = 5.53; 95% CI 2.58-12.51). PrEP and nPEP are acceptable, especially among MSM with higher social support and had received a previous HIV test. Effective education and different dissemination strategies to promote the acceptance of PrEP and nPEP among MSM are needed.
Exposure to air pollution is associated with acute pediatric asthma exacerbations, including reduced lung function, rescue medication usage, and increased symptoms; however, most studies are limited in investigating longitudinal changes in these acute effects. This study aims to investigate the effects of daily air pollution exposure on acute pediatric asthma exacerbation risk using a repeated-measures design.
We conducted a panel study of 40 children aged 8-16 years with moderate-to-severe asthma. We deployed the Biomedical REAI-Time Health Evaluation (BREATHE) Kit developed in the Los Angeles PRISMS Center to continuously monitor personal exposure to particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter &lt; 2.5 µm (PM
), relative humidity and temperature, geolocation (GPS), and asthma outcomes including lung function, medication use, and symptoms for 14 days. Hourly ambient (PM
, nitrogen dioxide (NO
), ozone (O
)) and traffic-related (nitrogen oxides (NO
) and PM
) air pollution exposures were modeled breathing" symptom (odds ratio [95% CI] 1.83 [1.03, 3.24]). Exposure to ambient O
, NO
, and NO was significantly associated with increased rescue inhaler use (rate ratio [95% CI] O
1.52 [1.02, 2.27], NO
1.61 [1.23, 2.11], NO 1.80 [1.37, 2.35]).
We found significant associations of air pollution exposure with lung function, rescue inhaler use, and "feeling scared of trouble breathing." Our study demonstrates the potential of informatics and wearable sensor technologies at collecting highly resolved, contextual, and personal exposure data for understanding acute pediatric asthma triggers.
We found significant associations of air pollution exposure with lung function, rescue inhaler use, and "feeling scared of trouble breathing." Our study demonstrates the potential of informatics and wearable sensor technologies at collecting highly resolved, contextual, and personal exposure data for understanding acute pediatric asthma triggers.Family support through the sharing of information helps to shape and regulate the health and behaviours of family members, but little is known about how families are sharing COVID-19-related information, or about its associations with family communication quality and well-being. We examined the associations of COVID-19 information sharing methods with sociodemographic characteristics, the perceived benefits of information communication and technology (ICT) methods, and family communication quality and well-being in Hong Kong. Of 4852 respondents (53.2% female, 41.1% aged over 55 years), the most common sharing method was instant messaging (82.3%), followed by face-to-face communication (65.7%), phone (25.5%) and social media (15.8%). Female sex (adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.09), older age (aPRs 1.14-1.22) and higher household income (aPR 1.06) (all p ≤ 0.04) were associated with instant messaging use, while post-secondary education was associated with face-to-face (aPR 1.10), video call (aPR 1.79), and email (aPR 2.76) communications (all p ≤ 0.03). Each ICT sharing method used was associated with a higher likelihood of both reported benefits (aPRs 1.26 and 1.52), better family communication quality and family well-being (adjusted βs 0.43 and 0.30) (all p ≤ 0.001). We have first shown that COVID-19 information sharing in families using both traditional methods and ICTs, and using more types of methods, was associated with perceived benefits and better family communication quality and well-being amidst the pandemic. Sociodemographic differences in COVID-19 information sharing using ICTs were observed. Digital training may help enhance social connections and promote family well-being.Sleep quality among college students is affected by numerous factors. Previous studies have linked sleep quality to family dynamics as well as personality. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this relationship. The aim of this study is to incorporate a moderated mediation model to explore the big five personality traits in mediating the relationship between family dynamics and sleep quality and whether this indirect relationship is modified by only-child status among Chinese undergraduate students. Survey data were collected from a cross-sectional study conducted in Shandong, China and 1022 undergraduate students aged 18-24 were recruited. The mediation and moderated mediation modeling analyses were carried out with the software SPSS PROCESS macro. After controlling for gender and grade, mediation analysis indicated that conscientiousness and agreeableness of the big five personality traits partially mediated the link between family dynamics and sleep quality (β = -0.0093, CI -0.0178, -0.

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