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CBSS scores negatively correlated with DGAS-7 scores in the MDD group. LIMITATIONS Due to the cross-sectional design of this study, conclusions about causality remain speculative. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the importance of assessing problems related to the online environment in the presence of depression in adolescents. Our results suggested that evaluating the use of technology with a view to the potential for cyber bullying and cyber victimization as well as internet addiction and addiction to digital games may be necessary as a holistic approach in the follow-up of adolescent depression. BACKGROUND In the 1899 6th edition of Kraepelin's textbook, wherein he first articulated his concept of manic-depressive insanity (MDI), "Melancholia" was not part of MDI but remained within separate involutional disorders. In his 1913 8th edition, involutional melancholia (IM) was incorporated into MDI due largely to a study he commissioned - a 1907 monograph written by Dreyfus "Melancholia A Picture of Manic-Depressive Insanity." METHOD Through close readings of the relevant texts, we describe, in five sections, what happened. RESULTS First, we review Kraepelin's initial position on the IM-MDI relationship, noting that his distinction was based on differences in symptoms, course of illness and outcome. Second, we examine the generally critical reception of Kraepelin's views in the psychiatry of his day. Third, we review the critical 1907 monograph in which Dreyfus examined and followed up all cases of IM diagnosed by Kraepelin while in Heidelberg. The results, he concluded, did not support any of Kraepelin's critical distinctions between the two syndromes. Fourth, we examine contemporary responses to Dreyfus's monograph, including Kraepelin's subsequent change of opinion. Finally, we review the overall process putting it in the context of the history of psychiatric nosology generally, and specifically, the nosologic project of Kraepelin. CONCLUSIONS More than 60 years before the proposed use of validators to address nosologic questions in psychiatry by Robins and Guze, Dreyfus utilized three of their five validators to address the IM-MDI distinction i) clinical description, ii) delimitation from other disorders and iii) follow-up studies. V.BACKGROUND Women with endometriosis (EM) have increased vulnerability to certain psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety, as well as bipolar disorder (BD). This study investigates the risk of BD development in EM patients. Also, the impact of EM treatment on the risk of developing BD is examined. METHODS A total of 17,832 EM patients and 17,832 non-EM controls matched by age, index year, and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) score were included between 2000-2012 and followed to the end of 2013. Participants newly diagnosed as BD by board-certified psychiatrist were defined as incidents. Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the BD incidence rate between two studied groups. RESULTS EM patients were associated with an increased risk of BD development compared with non-EM controls after adjusting for age, CCI score, and different treatment options (1.04 versus 0.56 per 1,000 person-years, HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.75-3.12). Also, there was no significant difference in the risk estimate between different hormonal or surgical treatment groups, suggesting a limited impact of EM treatment on the risk of BD development. LIMITATIONS This study deals with the duration of hormonal treatment, whether operated or not, which reduces the chances of showing the effect of individual EM treatment on the risk of BD development. CONCLUSION This study shows that EM patients are associated with an increased risk of BD development. Further studies would be needed to elucidate the mechanism linking the EM and BD. BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor (EGF) belongs to a family of growth factors implicated in the etiology of psychiatric illnesses. We conducted this cross-sectional case-control study to determine whether (1) serum EGF levels differ between bipolar disorder (BD) patients and non-BD comparison subjects, (2) EGF levels in patients are influenced by mood illness related factors (number of past mood episodes, medication treatment) and non-mood illness related factors (body mass index), and (3) lower EGF levels predict lower limbic brain volumes in BD. this website METHODS We measured serum EGF in 51 early-stage BD patients and 22 healthy comparison subjects (HS). A subset of 25 patients underwent cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants were assessed at the University of British Columbia Mood Disorders Centre between June 2004 and June 2012. RESULTS A general linear model with diagnosis and BMI category (overweight/obese vs normal weight) as factors showed that patients had lower mean log(e)-transformed EGF (LnEGF) than HS (4.99 vs 5.47, p = .011). There was no effect of BMI and no diagnosis x BMI interaction. Multiple linear regression models showed that in patients, more past mood episodes predicted lower LnEGF (β = -0.358, t = -2.585, p = .013) and lower LnEGF predicted lower bilateral temporal lobe volumes (left β = 0.560, p = .011; right β = 0.543, p = .009). LIMITATIONS Our cross-sectional study design limits our ability to make inferences about the causal directions of the relationships between EGF, diagnosis, mood episodes, and brain volumes. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary evidence that EGF is a novel biomarker that may play a role in the pathophysiology of BD. V.BACKGROUND Previous literature has neglected the effect of household composition on mental health, especially in the context of post-disaster recovery. METHODS Open access data from the 2015 Social Survey on Living and Disaster Recovery (SSLDR) in Japan are used. A total of 689 respondents (346 from Fukushima and 343 from Sendai) made up of people living in two-parent families are examined in the current study. Pearson's Chi-square Test and ANOVA are applied to assess the differences between four groups Fukushima parent generation, Fukushima child generation, Sendai parent generation, and Sendai child generation. The method of multiple linear regression is used to explore the association factors of intergenerational mental health in two city sites, respectively. RESULTS Fukushima child generation tended to have the worst mental health status. In two city sites, the child generation tended to have a less degree of neighborhood connectedness than those in the parent generation. Variables of household composition, daily worries, and gender have significant associations with mental health in either two cities or one of them.