Design power over fat bilayer walls through confined actin packages

The development of highly efficient and durable earth-abundant hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts is crucial for the extensive implementation of the hydrogen economy. Members of the 2D MXenes family, particularly Mo2CT x , have recently been identified as promising HER catalysts. However, their inherent oxidative instability in air and aqueous electrolyte solutions is hindering their widespread use. Herein, we present a simple and scalable method to circumvent adventitious oxidation in Mo2CT x MXenes via in situ sulfidation to form a Mo2CT x /2H-MoS2 nanohybrid. The intimate epitaxial coupling at the Mo2CT x /2H-MoS2 nanohybrid interface afforded superior HER activities, requiring only 119 or 182 mV overpotential to yield -10 or -100 mA cm-2geom current densities, respectively. Inflammation inhibitor Density functional theory calculations reveal strongest interfacial adhesion was found within the nanohybrid structure as compared to the physisorbed nanohybrid, and the possibility to tune the HER overpotential through manipulating the extent of MXene sulfidation. Critically, the presence of 2H-MoS2 suppresses further oxidation of the MXene layer, enabling the nanohybrid to sustain industrially relevant current densities of over -450 mA cm-2geom with exceptional durability. Less than 30 mV overpotential degradation was observed after 10 continuous days of electrolysis at a fixed -10 mA cm-2geom current density or 100,000 successive cyclic voltammetry cycles. The exceptional HER durability of the Mo2CT x /2H-MoS2 nanohybrid presents a major step forward to realize practical implementation of MXenes as noble metal free catalysts for broad-based applications in water splitting and energy conversion.Recently, tin disulfide (SnS2) has become a hot research focus in various fields due to its advantages of a high transistor switching ratio, an adjustable band gap in visible light range, excellent Li storage performance, sensitive gas recognition, and efficient photocatalytic capability. However, at present, studies of its basic structure mostly stay on the regulation related to the number of layers. To maximize the value of SnS2 in the application design, this paper analyzes the angle-resolved polarized Raman spectra of SnS2 crystals grown under high-temperature sealing systems. Under the parallel scattering configuration test of both the sample basal plane and the cross plane, we observed that how the Raman scattering intensity of the two test planes varies with the polarization angle is different. Combining this experimental result with theory support allows us to reach a conclusion that the differential polarizability of the phonon vibration mode along the z-axis of the cross plane of SnS2 is proven to be the strongest. This finding is expected to provide favorable support for the application of structural regulation of SnS2 and work as a reference for studying other van der Waals layered materials with greater potential.Macrophages engulf "foreign" cells and particles, but phagocytosis of healthy cells and cancer cells is inhibited by expression of the ubiquitous membrane protein CD47 which binds SIRPα on macrophages to signal "self". Motivated by some clinical efficacy of anti-CD47 against liquid tumors and based on past studies of CD47-derived polypeptides on particles that inhibited phagocytosis of the particles, here we design soluble, multivalent peptides to bind and block SIRPα. Bivalent and tetravalent nano-Self peptides prove more potent (Keff ∼ 10 nM) than monovalent 8-mers as agonists for phagocytosis of antibody opsonized cells, including cancer cells. Multivalent peptides also outcompete soluble CD47 binding to human macrophages, consistent with SIRPα binding, and the peptides suppress phosphotyrosine in macrophages, consistent with inhibition of SIRPα's "self" signaling. Peptides exhibit minimal folding, but functionality suggests an induced fit into SIRPα's binding pocket. Pre-clinical studies in mice indicate safety, with no anemia that typifies clinical infusions of anti-CD47. Multivalent nano-Self peptides thus constitute an alternative approach to promoting phagocytosis of "self", including cancer cells targeted clinically.Novel low-pressure irrigation technologies have been widely adopted by farmers, allowing both reduced water and energy use. However, little is known about how the transition from legacy technologies affected water and energy use at the aquifer scale. Here, we examine the widespread adoption of low-energy precision application (LEPA) and related technologies across the Kansas High Plains Aquifer. We combine direct energy consumption and carbon emission estimates with life cycle assessment to calculate the energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) footprints of irrigation. We integrate detailed water use, irrigation type, and pump energy source data with aquifer water level and groundwater chemistry information to produce annual estimates of energy use and carbon emissions from 1994 to 2016. The rapid adoption of LEPA technologies did not slow pumping, but it reduced energy use by 19.2% and GHG emissions by 15.2%. Nevertheless, water level declines have offset energy efficiency gains because of LEPA adoption. Deeper water tables quadrupled the proportion of GHG emissions resulting from direct carbon emissions, offsetting the decarbonization of the regional electrical grid. We show that low-pressure irrigation technology adoption, absent policies that incentivize or mandate reduced water use, ultimately increases the energy and carbon footprints of irrigated agriculture.We reported herein a new 3D bio-MOF (NbU-12) using a pore space partition strategy MIL-88D was selected as a primary framework, and adenine connected two independent MIL-88D to form a self-interpenetrated structure. Because of this, the hexagonal channel in MIL-88D split into two small rectangular channels. Different from the reported series CPM-35 materials, NbU-12 simultaneously maximized the retention of open metal sites from MIL-88D and introduced a Watson-Crick face to the pore surface of NbU-12. Remarkably, NbU-12 exhibits an excellent selectivity performance toward C2H6/C2H4 and C2H6/CH4, which was proven by ideal adsorbed solution theory calculation and breakthrough experiments.