Cardiac participation inside ChurgStrauss syndrome

Sulfur reactivity in lithium-sulfur batteries highly depends on its distribution and morphology during cycling, which is of great significance to suppress the shuttle effect and promote conversion reaction. Herein, cobalt phosphide nanoflakes are prepared and used as a sulfur host. An improved redox kinetics from sulfur to lithium sulfide and the corresponding fast lithium-ion diffusion are observed to greatly promote the electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur batteries. Meanwhile, for the first time, we propose "effective triple phase contact" and "insulated dead sulfur" to account for cycling performance differences of CoP@S and rGO@S batteries. The flower-like sulfur induced by CoP nanoflakes during cycling provides extra lithium-ion diffusion and electron transfer ways compared with agglomerated sulfur in the rGO@S cathode. The CoP@S battery shows good rate performance and delivers 520 mA h g-1 after 1000 cycles with an excellent Coulombic efficiency of 99%. In contrast, no conversion reaction happens after 600 cycles in the rGO@S battery, implying no existence of reactive sulfur. This research reveals the effect of morphological evolution of sulfur on the cycling performance and affords an insight for developing high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.Real time-time-dependent density functional theory (rt-TDDFT) has now been used to study a wide range of problems, from optical excitation to charge transfer, to ion collision, and to ultrafast phase transition. However, conventional rt-TDDFT Ehrenfest dynamics for nuclear movement lacks a few critical features to describe many problems the detail balance between state transitions, decoherence for the wave function evolution, and stochastic branching of the nuclear trajectory. There are many-body formalisms to describe such nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, especially the ones based on mixed quantum/classical simulations, like the surface hopping and wave function collapsing schemes. However, there are still challenges to implement such many-body formalisms to the rt-TDDFT simulations, especially for large systems where the excited state electronic structure configuration space is large. Here we introduce two new algorithms for nonadiabatic rt-TDDFT simulations the first is a Boltzmann factor algorithm which introduces decoherence and detailed balance in the carrier dynamics but uses mean field theory for nuclear trajectory. The second is a natural orbital branching (NOB) formalism, which uses a time-dependent density matrix for electron evolution and a natural orbital set to collapse the wave function upon. It provides the features of decoherence, detailed balance, and trajectory branching. We have tested these methods for a molecule radiolysis decay problem. We found that these methods can be used to study such radiolysis problems in which the molecule is broken into many fragments following complex electronic structure transition paths. The computational time of NOB is similar to that of the original plain rt-TDDFT simulations.Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells and macrophages are known to migrate into the retina in response to inflammation and neovascularization. These migratory cells might play important regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of neovascularization, a common complication observed in diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, and retinal vein occlusion. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal inflammation and neovascularization. However, contributions of monocyte-derived macrophages to neovascularization are largely unknown. We hypothesized that selective visualization of these microglia/macrophages could be a powerful method for predicting the onset of neovascularization and its progression at the molecular level. In this report, we describe the synthesis of a new hybrid nanoparticle to visualize HIF-1α mRNA selectively in microglia/macrophages in a mouse model of neovascularization. HIF-1α expression was confirmed in MRC-1 positive monocytes/macrophages as well as in CD4 positive T-cells and CD19 positive B-cells using single-cell RNA sequencing data analysis. The imaging probes (AS- or NS-shRNA-lipid) were synthesized by conjugating diacyl-lipids to short hairpin RNA with an antisense sequence complementary to HIF-1α mRNA and a fluorophore that is quenched by a black hole quencher. We believe that imaging mRNA selectively in tissue specific microglia/macrophages could be a powerful method for predicting the onset of neovascularization, its progression, and its response to therapy.For the development of lithium-air battery (LAB), which is one of the most promising next generation batteries, it is essential to understand the structure and properties of Li2O2, which is the discharged product at the positive electrode of a LAB, as well as the mechanism of Li2O2 growth because its deposition limits the discharge capacity and is the origin of the high charging overpotential of LAB. Characterization of the structure and properties of the Li2O2 formed in LABs is, however, difficult because it is usually in the form of poorly ordered small particles. In this study, we successfully grew well-aligned very long (∼80 μm) crystalline Li2O2 nanowires (NWs average diameter of 22 nm) electrochemically at a gold electrode covered with single-layer graphene (SLG/Au). Preferential growth of the NWs along c-axis was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy with electron diffraction, and Raman scattering. Raman imaging indicated that the sites of NW growth were the grain boundaries of single-layer graphene. The long, crystalline Li2O2 NWs provided the opportunity to investigate not only their structure and properties but also their growth mechanism during discharge. find more Raman measurements in the O-O stretching frequency region of the SLG/Au electrode at various depths of the discharge combined with exchange of oxygen in the solution from 18O2 to 16O2 during the discharge revealed that the growth took place at the bottom of the NWs, i.e., the Li2O2/electrode interface, not the top of the NWs, i.e., the solution/Li2O2 interface. This growth mechanism can explain why such long NWs can be grown despite the insulating nature of Li2O2.