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Restoration materials and cavity preparations influence the stress distribution at the restoration-tooth interface and, consequently, the measured bond strength.MAPA-cision, named after those who first introduced the method, is a novel simplified regenerative technique for periodontal-orthodontic cases that can be used in all circumstances where bone thickening is required. It is an innovative, minimally invasive piezoelectric surgical procedure designed to facilitate orthodontic tooth movement while simultaneously increasing bone thickness with guided bone regeneration principles. A new regenerative device consisting of a resorbable collagen membrane with filling materials (a "bone bundle" or "small sausage") is inserted through a tunneling procedure to increase the bone envelope width by allowing the teeth to move within an enhanced periodontal support.Vertical bone augmentation (VBA) procedures for dental implant placement are biologically and technically challenging. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies on VBA have failed to identify clinical procedures that provide superior results for treatment of the vertical ridge deficiencies. A decision tree was developed to guide clinicians on selecting treatment options based on reported vertical bone gains ( 8 mm). The choice of a particular augmentation technique will also depend on other factors, including the size and morphology of the defect, location, and clinician or patient preferences. Surgeons should consider the advantages and disadvantages of each option for the clinical situation and select an approach with low complications, low cost, and the highest likelihood of success.Spectral broadening of 0.3 ps 515 nm laser pulse in a highly Raman-active BaWO4 crystal and fused silica demonstrates significantly different behavior with the incident pulse energy. see more While the broadening in fused silica is fairly symmetric with respect to the pump laser pulse wavelength, the Stokes wing broadening in the BaWO4 crystal is 2 times wider than that of anti-Stokes wing, the former demonstrating a step-like increase with the pulse energy. To the best of our knowledge, the obtained data are the first clear evidences of the following facts (i) stimulated Raman scattering with sufficiently high efficiency of conversion to Stokes components slows down spectral broadening induced by self-phase modulation, and (ii) the mechanism of Kerr nonlinearity, which is responsible for self-phase modulation in BaWO4, is of orientational nature. The nonlinear refraction coefficient and its decay time following from our experiments with BaWO4 were estimated as n2≈6.4.10-15cm2/W and τ N L ≈0.35ps.Up to now, methods for generating non-uniformly correlated light have been of two kinds one is based on the use of specially designed random phase screens, and the other relies on the coherent-mode superposition, both being very complex experimental procedures. In this Letter, we show both theoretically and experimentally that in Young's interference experiment with light having a sufficiently large transverse coherence width, as compared with the width of the slits, the initially uniformly correlated partially coherent light converts to a non-uniformly correlated light. Such a non-uniform correlation is induced by the interference of light fields originating from the two slits. Our results point to the possibility of using diffraction by specially tailored deterministic aperture arrays for generating light with exotic coherence states.We introduce a multifunctional compact device that integrates a polarization beam splitter and an orbital angular momentum generator based on a plasmonic nano-aperture assisted detour phase meta-hologram. The proposed metasurface, which combines a phase singularity characterized fork hologram and polarization featured Λ-shaped antenna, achieves vortex generation and spin-based vortex splitting in transmission mode. Experimental demonstrations are launched under a linearly polarized incident beam, with polarization tomography as the analysis method. We expect this work to have applications in chip-level beam shaping and high-capacity communication.This Letter proposes a novel phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR) with continuous chirped-wave (CCW), which can make full use of both time and frequency domain resources. The principle and benefits of CCW Φ-OTDR are elaborated. With the merit of CCW Φ-OTDR, 1.042 MHz sensing bandwidth and 5pε/Hz strain sensitivity are achieved along a 1013 m fiber with 4.4 m spatial resolution. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first time that a Φ-OTDR achieves megahertz sensing bandwidth with metric spatial resolution, and without limiting the frequency feature of the disturbance. The good performance in long-range sensing is also verified over a 49.7 km fiber. More than that, the digital domain flexibility of the proposed scheme can be used to optimize the measured acoustic signal according to its feature and the practical needs.Efficient frequency conversion of photons has important applications in optical quantum technology because the frequency range suitable for photon manipulation and communication usually varies widely. Recently, an efficient frequency conversion system using a double-Λ four-wave mixing (FWM) process based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has attracted considerable attention because of its potential to achieve a nearly 100% conversion efficiency (CE). To obtain such a high CE, the spontaneous emission loss in this resonant-type FWM system must be suppressed considerably. A simple solution is to arrange the applied laser fields in a backward configuration. However, the phase mismatch due to this configuration can cause a significant decrease in CE. Here, we demonstrate that the phase mismatch can be effectively compensated by introducing the phase shift obtained by two-photon detuning. Under optimal conditions, we observe a wavelength conversion from 780 to 795 nm with a maximum CE of 91.2%±0.6% by using this backward FWM system at an optical depth of 130 in cold 87Rb atoms. The current work represents an important step toward achieving low-loss, high-fidelity quantum frequency conversion based on EIT.Bolometers are thermal detectors widely applied in the mid-infrared (MIR) wavelength range. In an integrated sensing system on chip, a broadband scalable bolometer absorbing the light over the whole MIR wavelength range could play an important role. In this work, we have developed a waveguide-based bolometer operating in the wavelength range of 3.72-3.88 µm on the amorphous silicon (a-Si) platform. Significant improvements in the bolometer design result in a 20× improved responsivity compared to earlier work on silicon-on-insulator (SOI). The bolometer offers 24.62% change in resistance per milliwatt of input power at 3.8 µm wavelength. The thermal conductance of the bolometer is 3.86×10-5W/K, and an improvement as large as 3 orders magnitude may be possible in the future through redesign of the device geometry.Spatial frequency domain imaging can map tissue scattering and absorption properties over a wide field of view, making it useful for clinical applications such as wound assessment and surgical guidance. This technique has previously required the projection of fully characterized illumination patterns. Here, we show that random and unknown speckle illumination can be used to sample the modulation transfer function of tissues at known spatial frequencies, allowing the quantitative mapping of optical properties with simple laser diode illumination. We compute low- and high-spatial frequency response parameters from the local power spectral density for each pixel and use a lookup table to accurately estimate absorption and scattering coefficients in tissue phantoms, in vivo human hand, and ex vivo swine esophagus. Because speckle patterns can be generated over a large depth of field and field of view with simple coherent illumination, this approach may enable optical property mapping in new form-factors and applications, including endoscopy.We propose a phase-shifting interferometry technique using only two in-line phase-shifted self-interference holograms. There is no requirement for additional recording or estimation in the measurement. The proposed technique adopts a mathematical model for self-interference digital holography. link2 The effectiveness of the proposed technique is demonstrated by experiments on incoherent digital holographic microscopy and color-multiplexed fluorescence digital holography with computational coherent superposition. Two-color-multiplexed four-step phase-shifting incoherent digital holography is realized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, using the proposed technique.Internal surface photoemission of electrons from 1D crystal into a barrier with participation of Tamm state (TS) at the interface crystal barrier is considered theoretically for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. It is shown that resonant tunneling of electrons through a TS could lead to substantial enhancement of the quantum efficiency and lowering the red border to a value defined by the TS. In contrast to the Fowler quadratic law, the photocurrent scales linearly with photon energy near the red border. The results suggest that the efficiency of hot electron generation with plasmonic metal nanoparticles could reach several tens of percent, which is very attractive for application in energy conversion technologies such as water splitting.In this Letter, we revisit the quantum theory of propagation in nonlinear fibers. Unlike previous works, we present an effective propagation equation for the reduced density matrix of the complex envelope of the electric field. link3 This original proposal is shown to be in agreement with the theory of quantum noise in fibers and puts forth a powerful tool for the study of fiber-based quantum devices. To underscore its applicability, we analyze the performance of a heralded single-photon scheme in terms of probabilities, an approach that conveniently lends itself to the optimization of such sources.We demonstrate carrier-to-signal power ratio (CSPR) enhancement by self-seeded stimulated Brillouin scattering to improve the performance of Kramers-Kronig (KK) detection for multichannel single-sideband (SSB) signals. By virtue of low-CSPR transmission and high-CSPR detection, our proposed scheme effectively advances system performance by reducing propagation-induced distortion while maintaining the minimum phase condition. We experimentally demonstrate the improvement in CSPR and bit error rate of 5×10-Gbaud 16-QAM SSB signals by applying the carrier recovery block after 80-km transmission. Under optimum pump power, the average Q factor improvement of all five channels is 3.0 dB. We also analyze the performances of different channels and the major limiting factor. The results verify that our scheme offers a promising solution to enhance SSB self-coherent KK detection in wavelength-division multiplexing systems.We demonstrate a novel experimental scheme to generate and study the nonlinear frequency conversion of a three-dimensional (3D) optical Bessel bottle beam (BBB). Using a single axicon and standard optical components and controlling the spot size and divergence of the input Gaussian beam to the axicon, we have generated stable micron-size, high-power optical BBB with tunable spatial characteristics. The BBB has a series of low-intensity regions surrounded by high intensity with diameters of ∼30µm and 17 µm, respectively, at a variable period of 2.3 to 6.4 mm along with the beam propagation. Using the single-pass second harmonic generation (SHG) of femtosecond BBB at 1064 nm in a bismuth triborate nonlinear crystal, we have generated BBB at 532 nm with output power as high as 75 mW and single-pass SHG efficiency of 1.9%. We also observed the self-healing of the BBB at both pump and SHG wavelengths. It is interesting to note that the pump beam truncation shows self-healing in the SHG beam. Such observation proves the direct transfer of the pump's spatial characteristics to the SHG beam in the nonlinear process, potentially useful for imaging even in the turbid medium in biology.