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Believing that the detection of hemoglobin possesses a vital role in the discovery of many diseases, we present in this work a simple method for sensing and detecting hemoglobin based on one-dimensional photonic crystals. Implementing hemoglobin as a defect layer inside the proposed photonic crystal results in a resonant peak evolving within the bandgaps. The strong dependence of these resonant peaks on concentration and the consequent refractive index are the essential bases of the detection process. The role played by these parameters together with the angle of incidence on performance and efficiency of our sensor is demonstrated. In the vicinity of the investigated results, we demonstrate the values of sensitivity, figure of merit (FOM), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and resolution to optimize the performance of our sensor. The numerical results show a significant effect of polarization mode on performance of this sensor. For TE polarization with an angle of incidence equal to 45°, we investigated sensitivity of 167nmRIU-1, SNR of 0.23, FOM of 0.63RIU-1, and resolution of 257 nm.A high-precision differential detection system based on two cascaded fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is proposed to detect dye concentration. In this system, two low-quality common FBGs are connected in a series, and one is corroded by 20% hydrofluoric solutions for 210 min. A novel demodulation method-differential measurement-is proposed to improve the sensitivity of the sensor. The working point is not in the central but in the waist region of the reflection spectra of the etched FBG, which has the best sensitivity and minimal nonlinearity (∼0.018%). After adopting the differential measurement, the detection precision of the dye concentration has been obviously improved. According to our analysis, the theoretical limit sensitivity of the sensor can reach 7×10-4ppm.A multiwavelength Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) is demonstrated using a 1.55-µm AlGaInAs/InP microcavity laser as a seed source. The combination of a nonlinear fiber cavity and a feedback loop leads to multiwavelength generation with a channel spacing of double-Brillouin-frequency assisted by cavity-enhanced four-wave mixing. The amplified output of a dual-mode lasing square microcavity laser with a wavelength interval of 1.5 nm is applied as the pump source for the broadband multiwavelength generation. A wideband multiwavelength BFL covering from 1490 nm to 1590 nm is successfully generated at an optimized pump power of 25 dBm and a feedback power of -17.2dBm. The power stability of 0.82 dB over a 60 min duration of the multiwavelength BFL can satisfy the demands for the optical fiber sensing and microwave photonic systems.This paper presents a simple and cost-effective rapid method to make defect-free polymeric microlens arrays at room temperature without applying external pressure. This method uses an optically clear and high-transparency Norland Optical Adhesive (NOA) monomer solution. This is realized by using a combination of a mold and an ultraviolet (UV) polymerization technique. NOA can cross-link in a tenth of a second upon UV exposure. The uniformity and surface quality of the manufactured microlens arrays are investigated through atomic force microscopy and optical microscopy techniques. Experimental results show that the microlens arrays manufactured by the polymerization process are of very high quality without any defects. Further, the surface quality of the lenses can be significantly enhanced by increasing the viscosity of the photosensitive monomer solution.Our work reports the preparation of zirconium selenide (ZrSe2)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film-type saturable absorber (SA) and its nonlinear absorption performance in obtaining dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs in an Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The saturation intensity and modulation depth of the ZrSe2-PVA SA were ∼12.72MW/cm2 and 2.3%, respectively. Due to the modulation of the SA, under a pump power of 525.2 mW, stable dark soliton operation with an average output power of 9.75 mW, and a pulse repetition frequency of 20.84 MHz, a pulse width of 3.85 ns was attained successfully. By adjusting the state of the polarization controllers, dark-bright soliton pairs were also observed. Dactinomycin price To the best of our knowledge, this was the first demonstration focusing on the nonlinear optical absorption applications of ZrSe2 in obtaining dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs. Our results show that ZrSe2 is a good two-dimensional SA material for acting as an ultrafast optical device due to its suitable nonlinear optical absorption properties.This paper presents a dynamic phase measurement profilometry (PMP) method based on the simulated annealing algorithm. In dynamic PMP for rigid objects, pixel matching is an effective method to make one-to-one pixel correspondence in each captured pattern. However, pixel matching by the global traversing algorithm takes up most of the time in the whole reconstruction process. For the purpose of optimizing pixel matching and enhancing performance in dynamic PMP, the simulated annealing algorithm is introduced. By generating a random path based on the simulated annealing algorithm, it is sufficient to locate the approximate area of the measured object. Then the accurate position can be calculated by combining it with a partial traversing algorithm. The proposed method can reduce pixel matching time by 63% and increase reconstruction efficiency by 58%. Simulations and experiments prove feasibility and precision.In this paper, we propose an efficient double-layered flat fiber (DLFF) plasmonic refractive index sensor having high resolution and linearity. Thin gold film is used as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) active material protected by a titanium dioxide layer, both deposited on the upper flat surface of DLFF. The sensor consists of an analyte channel in the central core hole as well as on the top of the fiber. Structural parameters of DLFF and thickness of gold and titanium dioxide layer are analyzed based on the finite element method. The optimized structure is studied based on wavelength and amplitude interrogation techniques in the near-infrared region. Numerical results show average wavelength sensitivity of 12172 nm/RIU with a resolution of 8.21×10-6RIU (refractive index unit) in the highly refractive index (RI) range from 1.445 to 1.490. Further, amplitude sensitivity of this probe is found to be 2910RIU-1 with a resolution of 3.44×10-6RIU, which is the highest among all reported PCF SPR sensors, as per the authors' best knowledge.