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A system providing an optical frequency with instability comparable to that of a hydrogen maser is presented. It consists of a 5 cm long, vertically oriented silicon optical resonator operated at temperatures between 1.5 K and 3.6 K in a closed-cycle cryostat with a low-temperature Joule-Thomson stage. We show that with a standard cryostat, a simple cryogenic optomechanical setup, and no active or passive vibration isolation, a minimum frequency instability of 2.5 × 10-15 at τ = 1500 s integration time can be reached. The influence of pulse-tube vibrations was minimized by using a resonator designed for low acceleration sensitivity. With reduced optical laser power and interrogation duty cycle, an ultra-low fractional frequency drift of -2.6 × 10-19/s is reached. At 3.5 K, the resonator frequency exhibits a vanishing thermal sensitivity and an ultra-small temperature derivative 8.5 × 10-12/K2. These are favorable properties that should lead to high performance also in simpler cryostats not equipped with a Joule-Thomson stage.The electron cyclotron heating system including four gyrotrons is being developed in the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The filament is an important part of the gyrotron, which is used to heat the cathode. The gyrotron output power can be controlled by adjusting the filament power. We have developed the filament power control and measurement system using Labview. The filament characteristics were tested using this power control system. The test results show that the filament current can be fitted with the e-exponential function of the filament voltage. check details It can be seen that as the voltage increases, the filament resistance gradually increases. We have developed a new "burst" function to prevent the beam current from dropping too fast, which is conducive to long pulse stable operation of the gyrotrons.Under the upgrade program of an azimuthally varying field (AVF) cyclotron in progress at the Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), an emittance monitor is being developed to improve the beam injection efficiency from ion sources to the AVF cyclotron. In order to evaluate the quality of the beams extracted from ion sources quickly, we developed the Pepper-Pot type Emittance Monitor at the RCNP. After improving an analysis method for emittance estimation using LabVIEW, we achieved a measurement frequency of 4 Hz.We have developed an extended-cavity diode laser (ECDL) with a simple design by using a commercial precision mirror mount with minor modifications. Our design allows tuning of the external cavity configuration by tweaking the volume holographic grating without troublesome changes in the beam path of the laser output. The mode-hop-free tuning range of the presented ECDL is about 8 GHz with a linewidth of 475 kHz.The wrong judgment on borehole ballooning has a serious impact on safe and efficient drilling in the oil and gas drilling industries. In order to further investigate the characteristics of borehole ballooning, a new device is designed to research the effects of borehole ballooning under different conditions, such as different fracture opening pressures, rock types, and mud circulation pressures. The device consists of four units a displacement unit, a triaxial clamping unit, a backpressure loading unit, and a control and data acquisition system. Based on this device, a series of experiments have been successfully carried out. The experimental results showed that the device can effectively simulate the typical characteristics of borehole ballooning, and it could provide theoretical support for further research of borehole ballooning.We present a system developed to premagnetize liquid samples in an ultra-low-field nuclear magnetic resonance experiment. Liquid samples of a few milliliters are exposed to a magnetic field of about 70 mT, which is abruptly switched off, to leave a transverse microtesla field, where nuclei start precessing. An accurate characterization of the transients and intermediate field level enables a reliable operation of the detection system, which is based on an optical magnetometer.The novel circular-array based real-time ultrasonic imaging technique using an ultrasonic camera has been proposed in this paper for imaging of a fuel sub-assembly (FSA) of a fast breeder reactor. The developed ultrasonic camera-based system provides real-time images of the top-head region of the FSA in a high-temperature environment. check details For the circular-array based ultrasonic imaging, the entire circular-array has been divided into the various arcs, and the address-based analog multiplexing scheme has been proposed in such a way that all channels of the specific arc are selected concurrently (transducer excitation, data acquisition, and data processing and transferring). Various data processing algorithms are proposed and implemented for multi-channel ultrasonic data processing in real-time. For the experimentation, the complete 18-channel ultrasonic camera system has been designed, developed, and evaluated in the laboratory. The performance evaluation of the developed circular-array based ultrasonic camera has been shown by acquiring the real-time images of the water-immersed dummy FSA in elevated temperature. Furthermore, both qualitative visualization and quantitative measurements of growth and bowing of the FSA top-head are presented.In this work, the design, fabrication, and evaluation of a compact, one-shot spectrometer based on a segmented conically bent crystal analyzer are described. The system is a "one-shot" wavelength dispersive spectrometer, which has a crystal analyzer with an innovative geometry. It reaches an energy resolution of around 8 eV for Mn Kα1 line, which is at least an order of magnitude better than the commonly used energy dispersive spectrometers for fluorescence, and is comparable to current wavelength dispersive spectrometers. The prototype spectrometer fabricated in this work avoids angle scans that most wavelength dispersive spectrometers require, has the advantage of a sample-detector distance of only 146 mm, and allows for the simultaneous measurement of approximately a 2 keV window. This system is suitable to be used at synchrotron radiation facilities and free electron lasers, and it can even be adapted to an x-ray tube in any conventional x-ray laboratory.