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The involvement of the contralesional hemisphere was associated with improved functional recovery relative to lesion size. This study highlights the importance of in vivo fiber tracking and the role of the contralesional hemisphere during spontaneous functional improvement as a potential novel stroke biomarker and therapeutic targets.PURPOSE Studies reveal that rostral fluid shifts due to body posture changes from standing to lying down may narrow the upper airway. However, without credible and direct experimental evidence, it remains unclear what the role of natural fluid redistribution in the neck is in affecting obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. Our aim is using direct experimental evidence to determine whether or not postural fluid shifts affect OSA severity. METHODS We performed overnight polysomnography on two consecutive nights for 22 men. The bed was set horizontally on the control night, while its tail part was lowered by 30° on the experimental night to reduce the amount of fluid shifted into the neck. We measured sleep and anthropometric parameters on each night. RESULTS The mean (95% CI) apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in the supine head and trunk position decreased from 66.6 events per hour (57.6-75.6) to 61.2 (52.0-70.4) (t = 4.507, p less then 0.001), and the oxygen desaturation index from 69.5 events per hour (56.4-82.6) to 61.6 (50.5-72.6) (t = 3.293, p = 0.004), from the control to the experimental night with a decrease in the change of leg fluid volume from 17.7% (15.7-19.8) to 4.7% (1.9-7.5) (t = 11.659, p less then 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide direct experimental evidence to show that natural fluid shift caused by the day-to-night posture change does contribute to OSA pathogenesis and severity. It is likely that the neck fluid increase from an actual day-to-night position change, with 90° change in posture, would produce a much larger AHI increase than the 11.2% found in this study, which contains only a 30° change in posture. These findings suggest that reducing the amount of fluid in the neck region may relieve airway obstructions for patients with moderate and severe OSA.PURPOSE This study assessed the prevalence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and its correlates and severity among non-pregnant Saudi women of childbearing age. METHODS Consecutive non-pregnant female visitors (age 15-44 years) of the primary care centers of the female University campus at King Saud University (n = 1,136) were interviewed face-to-face to determine the presence and severity of RLS using the International Restless Legs Syndrome (IRLS) Study Group criteria and IRLS severity scale. RESULTS A total of 271 participants (24%) were diagnosed with RLS. Of these cases, severe/very severe RLS was diagnosed in 13% and mild/moderate in 87%. None of these participants had been diagnosed or treated for RLS before. Subjects with RLS were older, had a higher body mass index, and a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and diabetes mellitus than those without RLS. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis identified the following independent predictors of RLS age (OR 1.03 [1.009-1.051], p = 0.004), vitamin D deficiency (OR 2.147 [1.612-2.86], p  less then  0.001), and diabetes mellitus (OR 4.408 [1.946-9.982], p  less then  0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that RLS is very common and underdiagnosed among non-pregnant Saudi women of a childbearing age-attending primary care cents. RLS was linked to age, vitamin D deficiency, and diabetes mellitus.PURPOSE Mounting studies have investigated the clinicopathological and prognostic value of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in breast cancer (BC), yet conclusions remain controversial. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to clarify this issue. METHODS All relevant studies were searched using Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE online databases. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic value of HIF-1α, respectively. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed to investigate heterogeneity and stability of the results. Begg's funnel plot and Egger's test were used to examine publication bias. RESULTS A total of 31 eligible studies including 5177 subjects were enrolled. Of these, 25 studies assessed the prognostic role of HIF-1α and included 4546 individuals. Twenty-three studies involving 3277 individuals evaluated the clinicopathological significance of HIF-1α. High expression level of HIF-1α was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.40-1.80, P  less then  0.001), disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.87, 95% CI = 1.53-2.28, P  less then  0.001), relapse-free survival (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.07-1.73, P = 0.001), and cancer-specific survival (HR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.10-2.19, P = 0.012). Pooled data from studies using multivariate survival analysis also showed that HIF-1α expression was associated with worse OS (HR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.32-1.92, P  less then  0.001) and DFS (HR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.39-1.84, P  less then  0.001). Additionally, high HIF-1α expression was associated with advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage, positive lymph-node status, negative ER status, ductal type, advanced histologic grade, high Ki67 expression, and strong VEGF expression. CONCLUSION HIF-1α might serve as an independent prognostic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target for BC. Future large-scale prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm our findings.OBJECTIVE Gamma camera-based measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) with 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is an established non-invasive measurement of split renal function; however, it is not as accurate as the plasma sample method. Therefore, study into improving the accuracy of such method is clinically relevant. The aim of this study was to elucidate the feasibility of gamma camera-based GFR measurement using renal depth evaluated by lateral scan of 99mTc-DTPA renography and comparing the results with those of GFR using renal depth measured by CT, and three representative formulas. this website METHODS The study population comprised 38 patients (median, 69 years; male 28, female 10; median estimated GFR, 67.4 ml/min) with renourinary disorders. Scintigraphy was performed after intravenous injection of 370 MBq 99mTc-DTPA by dynamic data acquisition for 20 min, followed by a bilateral static scan of the abdomen for 3 min. All patients underwent computed tomography (CT) within 2 months from renograsured by the three formulas were significantly smaller than that measured by 99mTc-DTPA renography. The depth of the right kidney was larger than that of the left kidney using all three formulas in all patients. However, CT detected only 66% of patients to have a deeper right kidney than left kidney. CONCLUSION Lateral scanning is a feasible procedure to measure renal depth for accurate and reasonable split GFR measurements using 99mTc-DTPA renography.In recent years, the influence of chronic fluorosis on the brain has been widely reported. Our study aimed to demonstrate the potential mechanism underlying the impairment of memory function by excessive fluorine intake. We also evaluated whether improvement of intestinal microflora could be a potential therapy to prevent the negative influences from the perspective of gut-brain axis. Male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups and administered with either phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (Control and F groups) or Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 (FP group; daily amounts of 1 × 109 CFU/mL), a probiotic strain, by oral gavage throughout a 98-day experimental period. Sodium fluoride (100 mg/L) was added to the drinking water of the F and FP groups. Animals were sacrificed for sampling with or without water avoidance stress (WAS) at two phases of the experiment and behavioral tests including T-maze test and passive avoidance test were also performed. Based on the results of behavioral tests, probiotic reversed the fluorine-induced memory dysfunction. In addition, L. johnsonii BS15 also increased the antioxidant capacities (serum and hippocampal tissue) and hippocampal synaptic plasticity-related mRNA expression after excessive fluoride ingestion. Moreover, the increased colonization of L. johnsonii BS15 also protected the small intestines from the damages of growth performance, visceral indexes, intestinal development, digestive, and secretory functions by changing the structure of the microflora and then improving intestinal permeability and integrity. L. johnsonii BS15 also improved the ability of flourosis mice against psychological stress indicated by the changes in behavioral tasks, hippocampal antioxidant levels, and synaptic plasticity-related mRNA expressions. Lactobacillus johnsonii BS15 intake appears as a promising way to ameliorate fluorine-induced memory dysfunction, especially under psychological stress.PURPOSE Chronic post-operative inguinal pain (CPIP) is defined as pain lasting more than 3 months and the incidence is less than 4% after laparoscopic hernia repair. CPIP can have several causes. In this study, we aimed to show that 3D-iron loaded mesh preparations are useful in radiological evaluation of post-operative complications, especially patients with chronic pain and the mesh status of operated inguinal hernia cases. METHODS A total of 450 cases who had been operated for inguinal hernia with 3D-iron loaded mesh and who had ongoing pain at the post-operative period were included in this study. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) was performed at the post-operative 90th day of the seven symptomatic (groin pain, limitation of movement) cases which were operated using a 3D-iron loaded mesh, 10 × 15 cm in size, (DynaMeshEndolap visible with 25% MRI-visible filaments, FEG TextiltechnikmbH, Aachen, Germany) for inguinal hernia repair to evaluate mesh status, localization, and local complications. Gradient echostoperative hernia recurrence or chronic groin pain, mesh position can be identified by MRI and unnecessary surgical intervention can be avoided.The current study was done to examine the trend of mental health mortality in India using age-period-cohort (APC) analysis. We have conducted a secondary data analysis by using the data on mental health mortality from WHO Global Health Estimates. We performed APC analysis by weighted least squares regression with assumption that data follows Poisson distribution.Annual increase in the age adjusted mortality rate due to mental health problems was 1.52%. Rate ratio (RR) increased consistently across all the age groups from 15-19 to 80-84 years. RR of period effects also showed increase from 2001-2005 to 2011-2015 periods. RR of cohort effects showed consistent increase from 1921-1925 to 1986-1990 cohorts and then decreasing from 1991-1995 to 1996-2000. To summarize, we found that mental health mortality shows increasing trend in India over the past decade with maximum increase among older population.Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease that is characterized by impairments in episodic memory. Recent evidence has shown that inhibitory control is also impaired in aMCI. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to quantify inhibitory control ability in individuals with aMCI by examining performance across a range of well-defined inhibition paradigms that tapped into one of three inhibitory control subtypes (i) interference control (e.g., Stroop task), (ii) response inhibition (e.g., Go/Nogo task), or (iii) inhibition of cognitive sets (Wisconsin Card Sort Task). Reference databases (PsychINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science) were searched for studies comparing individuals with aMCI to healthy controls on behavioural measures of inhibition. Across 70 effect sizes involving 2184 adults with aMCI and 3049 controls, overall inhibition deficits of moderate magnitude (g = -0.73) were found among individuals with aMCI. Inhibition deficits were moderate in size regardless of inhibitory control subtype interference control (g = -0.