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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' awareness and ability to make use of relational affordances and learner-internal elements, were important. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as a major factor in their decision to avoid criticising the strictness of a professor (see the second example).
This article reviews all locally published practical research on Korean until 2020. It focuses on pragmatic core topics such as:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The test for discourse completion is a popular instrument in pragmatic research. It has many advantages however, it also has its drawbacks. For example the DCT cannot take into account the cultural and individual differences in communication. Furthermore the DCT is susceptible to bias and can lead to overgeneralizations. As a result, it must be carefully analyzed before it is used for research or for assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful tool for analyzing the connection between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to manipulate social variables that affect politeness could be a benefit. This characteristic can be utilized to study the impact of prosody in various cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics the DCT has become one of the primary instruments for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. It can be used to investigate various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn taking and lexical selection. It can also be used to determine the phonological difficulty of learners' speech.
Recent research has used an DCT as an instrument to test the skills of refusal among EFL students. Participants were presented with a range of scenarios to choose from, and were then asked to select the most appropriate response. The researchers found that the DCT was more efficient than other methods of refusal, including a questionnaire and video recordings. Researchers warned, however, that the DCT must be used with caution. They also recommended using other methods of data collection.
DCTs are typically designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, such as the content and the form. These criteria are intuitive and based on the assumptions of test developers. They aren't always accurate and may misrepresent the way ELF learners actually respond to requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires more investigation into alternative methods of testing refusal competence.
A recent study compared DCT responses to requests made by students via email with those gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and conventionally-indirect request forms and utilized less hints than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices in their use of Korean through a variety of tools that were tested, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs at the upper-intermediate level who responded to MQs, DCTs, and RIs. They were also asked to think about their evaluations and refusal performance in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs often chose to defy native Korean pragmatism norms. Their decisions were influenced by four factors that included their personalities and multilingual identities, their current life histories as well as their relationships. These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching.
First, the MQ data were examined to determine the participants' rational choices. The data were categorized according to Ishihara's (2010) definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared their selections with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they were a sign of pragmatic resistance. Interviewees were also required to explain why they chose a pragmatic behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and z tests. It was found that CLKs often resorted to euphemistic responses such as "sorry" and "thank you." This could be due to their lack of familiarity with the target language, which resulted in an inadequate knowledge of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference for converging to L1 or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varied by the DCT situations. In the scenarios 3 and 12, CLKs preferred diverging from both L1pragmatic norms and L2 norms, while in Situation 14 CLKs preferred a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs further revealed that CLKs were aware of their own pragmatism in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted in a one-to-one manner within two days after the participants had completed the MQs. The RIs, which were transcribed and recorded by two coders who were independent and then coded. Coding was an iterative process in which the coders listened and discussed each transcript. The results of coding are evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine if they reflected the actual behavior.
Refusal Interviews
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is why learners choose to resist native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research sought to answer this question by using several experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants were comprised of 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were asked to complete the DCTs in their first language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI, where they were asked to reflect and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that on average, the CLKs rejected native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their answers. They did this even when they could produce patterns that resembled native speakers. They were also conscious of their own pragmatism. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal factors like their personality and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors like relational affordances. They described, for example how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and social expectations of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties that they might face if they flouted their social norms. They were worried that their native interactants might perceive them as "foreigners" and believe they are not intelligent. This is similar to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are not the default preference of Korean learners. They could still be a useful model for official Korean proficiency tests. 프라그마틱 무료스핀 should reconsider the applicability of these tests in different cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will allow them to better understand the effect of different cultural environments on the behavior of students and classroom interactions of students in L2. This will also assist educators to develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul.
Case Studies
The case study method is an investigative technique that employs participant-centered, in-depth investigations to investigate a particular subject. It is a method that uses various sources of information to back up the findings, such as interviews, observations, documents, and artifacts. This type of investigation can be used to analyze unique or complex topics that are difficult for other methods to assess.
The first step in conducting a case study is to define the subject matter and the purpose of the study. This will allow you to determine which aspects of the topic should be studied and which ones can be skipped. It is also useful to review the existing research to gain a broad understanding of the subject. It will also help put the issue within a larger theoretical framework.
This study was based on an open source platform that is the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its Korean-specific benchmarks, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study showed that L2 Korean learners were particularly susceptible to the influence of native models. They tended to choose wrong answer choices that were literal interpretations. 프라그마틱 슬롯버프 was a departure from accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed an unnatural tendency to add their own text, or "garbage," to their responses, further detracting from the quality of their responses.
Additionally, the participants in this study were L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year of university and were aiming for level 6 in their next attempt. They were asked to answer questions about their WTC/SPCC as well as understanding and pragmatic awareness.
The interviewees were given two scenarios, each involving an imaginary interaction with their co-workers and were asked to choose one of the following strategies to employ when making a request. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of the participants attributed their pragmatism to their personalities. TS for instance said she was difficult to talk to and refused to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they were working at a high rate despite the fact that she thought native Koreans would.