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Volatile methylsiloxanes (VMS) have been identified as contaminants of emerging concern in aquatic systems. Here, we report on the presence of VMS in sediment and wastewater from Arctic regions in 2014 to 2016 and model their persistence in Adventfjorden in Longyearbyen, Svalbard. Total concentrations of VMS in sediment were dominated by D4 and D5 and ranged from 0.0024 to 1.7 ng g-1 at Svalbard (Longyearbyen), from 4.0 to 43 ng g-1 in Greenland (Nuuk) and from 0.19 to 21 ng g-1 in the Canadian Archipelago. Concentrations in wastewater samples from Svalbard ranged from 12 to 156 ng L-1. Large variability in reported values of the partition ratio between organic carbon and water (KOC) and enthalpy of sorption (ΔHOC; often estimated from enthalpy of phase change between octanol and water, ΔHOW) of VMS has resulted in high uncertainty in evaluating persistence in aquatic systems. We evaluated previously reported KOC and ΔHOC values from the literature in predicting measured VMS concentrations in sediment and wastewater in scenarios using a fugacity-based multimedia model for VMS concentrations in Svalbard. We tested two different model scenarios (1) KOC and ΔHOW measurements for three cyclic VMS previously reported by Kozerski et al. G Protein antagonist (Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 2014, 33, 1937-1945) and Xu and Kropscott (Environ. Chem., 2014, 33, 2702-2710) and (2) the KOC and ΔHOC measurements from Panagopoulos et al. (Environ. Sci. Technol., 2015, 49, 12161-12168 and Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., 2017, 4(6), 240-245). Concentrations of VMS in sediment predicted from concentrations in wastewater in scenario 2 were in good agreement with measured concentrations, whereas in scenario 1, predicted concentrations were 2 to 4 orders of magnitude lower. Such large discrepancies indicate that the differences in the predicted concentrations are more likely to be attributed to KOC and ΔHOC than to uncertainty in environmental parameters or emission rates.Panaxynol (PAL, also called falcarinol) is widely found in plants of the Umbelliferae family, among which carrots are rich in PAL, so it is proved to be edible. PAL has neuroprotective effects and other pharmacological activities. This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanisms of action of PAL on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced anxiety and depression in mice. The effects of PAL on behavioral activities in mice were first assessed by a CUMS-induced depression model. The secretion levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-related hormones were measured by ELISA. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) and synapse-associated protein in the hippocampus. The behavioral experiment results showed that PAL can improve exploratory behavior and activities in mice. Meanwhile, PAL can significantly activate the release of 5-HT/5-HIAA and DA/HVA in the hippocampus. It inhibits the expression of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT) and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) in serum and the hypothalamus. The contents of GR, glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), postsynaptic density-95 (PSD95) and synapsin I protein in the hippocampus significantly increased. Studies have found that PAL can inhibit the hyperfunction of the HPA axis, which may be achieved by regulating HPA axis hormones and GR. Meanwhile, PAL promotes the release of 5-HT and DA in the hippocampus and improves synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, allowing neurotransmitters to function more effectively. Therefore, PAL may improve anxiety and depression-like effects in mice through the abovementioned effects.The reactions of substituted 2-phenylpyridines at [MCl2Cp*]2 dimers (M = Ir, Rh) in the presence of NaOAc form cyclometallated complexes Cp*M(Phpyr)Cl. H/D exchange experiments and substrate competition experiments show that kinetic selectivity favours electron donating substituents whilst substrates with electron withdrawing substituents are favoured thermodynamically. Experiments with Ir are mostly irreversible under the conditions used whilst those for Rh are more easily reversible. For meta-substituted phenylpyridines steric effects are important, larger substituents leading to formation of the para-substituted cyclometallated product.The design of multicomponent heterostructures for electrocatalysts is a promising strategy for enhancing electrocatalytic activities. This significant achievement, which is made possible by multicomponent heterostructure engineering, mainly arises from the ability to balance the adsorption and desorption of intermediates. Herein, the design of multicomponent heterostructures is highlighted by presenting recent achievements in electrocatalysis, focusing on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Finally, challenges and perspectives relating to multicomponent heterostructure engineering are presented.It has long been a challenge in physics and chemistry to acquire a global picture of the energy landscape of a specific material, as well as the kinetic transformation process between configurations of interest. Here we have presented a comprehensive approach to deal with the structure transformation problem, along with the illustration of the energy landscape, as exemplified with the case of Au13. A configuration space based on interatomic distances was proposed and demonstrated to have a strong correlation between structure and energy, with application in structure analysis to screen for trial transition pathways. As several representative configurations and their transition pathways ascertained and by projecting on a plane, a visual two-dimensional contour map was sketched revealing the unique energy landscape of Au13. It shows that the 2D and 3D clusters form two funnels in the high-dimensional configuration space, with a transition pathway with a 0.976 eV barrier bridging them.A single-molecule junction of 1,4-di(4-pyridyl)benzene (DPB) was prepared in a nano-gap between two Au electrodes using the scanning tunnelling microscopy-based break junction method (STM-BJ). Electric conductance and current versus bias voltage (I-V) measurements during the pulling and pushing processes of DPB single-molecule junctions revealed that high (H) and low (L) conductance states formed in both the pulling and pushing processes. Analysis of the I-V curves based on a single-level model indicated that the difference in conductivity of the H and L states mainly arises from high and low metal-molecule electric coupling in the junction. We demonstrated the controllable formation of H and L conductance states by simply tuning the velocity of electrode displacement in the pushing process. In the pulling process, both H and L states formed regardless of the velocity (v) of electrode displacement, while in the pushing process, H and L states could be selectively fabricated by using low (v = 16 nm s-1) and high (v = 64 nm s-1) velocities of displacement, respectively.