An Intelligent Decision System with regard to Intraoperative Somatosensory Evoked Possible Overseeing

63 (SD 4.3). The percentages of estimations falling within 10% and 20% of the actual weight of the child was 62.2% (95% CI 58.7-65.6) and 93.1% (95% CI 91.1-94.8), respectively. Weight estimations were more accurate using Bilbao Formulas than other classical formulas. CONCLUSIONS Bilbao Formulas would be a valid tool for estimating weight in children in the emergency department and predict weight more accurately than other more commonly used age-based formulas. OBJECTIVE To determine the size, shape and distribution of single human motor units in-vivo in healthy controls of different ages. METHODS A novel diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique was used in combination with in-scanner electrical stimulation to quantify the shape, cross-sectional area, and dimensions of individual motor units in 10 healthy subjects. RESULTS Thirty-one discrete motor units were studied. The majority were elliptical or crescent shaped, but occasional split motor units were observed. The mean motor unit cross sectional area was 26.7 ± 11.2 mm2, the mean maximum dimension was 10.7 ± 3.3 mm, and the mean minimum dimension was 4.5 ± 1.2 mm. Subjects aged over 40 had significantly larger maximum dimensions than those below this age (p  less then  0.05). CONCLUSIONS Motor unit MRI (MUMRI) is a novel technique capable of revealing the size, shape and position of multiple motor units in human muscles. It is reproducible, non-invasive, and sufficiently sensitive to detect physiologically relevant changes in motor unit morphology with age. SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, these results provide the first imaging assessment of human motor unit morphology. The technique shows promise both as a diagnostic tool and as a biomarker in longitudinal studies of disease progression. BACKGROUND The distinctive features of Oriental eyes are narrow palpebral aperture and upslanting lower eyelid margin, which are not in accordance with modern appreciation of beauty. Although many ophthalmic plastic procedures have been designed to change the characteristic appearance, the methods to enlarge the palpebral aperture by lowering the lower eyelid are limited. METHODS A total of 63 Chinese patients received the lowering the lower eyelid procedure from April 2014 to August 2018. The main criteria are patients who have vertically narrow palpebral aperture with or without upslanting lower eyelid shape. But patients who have proptosis or unhealthy lower eyelid elasticity are not suitable for this procedure. The operation is performed by suturing the lower tarsal plate and the infraorbital periosteum together, adjusting the tension of knots to reach the patient's desire for the shape of lower eyelid margin, and finally tightening all the knots. RESULTS The lateral lower eyelid margin was lowered and the lateral part of the palpebral aperture was enlarged in all cases (P  less then  0.01). Only five patients (7.9%) were not fully satisfied because of the partial retraction of the lateral eyelid margin. Minor complications were observed, of which conjunctival chemosis in three patients (4.8%) and conjunctival hemorrhage in two patients (3.2%). CONCLUSION Lowering the lower eyelid procedure is an effective and safe approach for patients who desire to smooth the upslanting shape and enlarge the eyes. The strict criteria and careful preoperative evaluations are critical to avoid complications and achieve good outcomes for Chinese patients. OBJECTIVES Many transfused patients present severe, sometimes critical, clinical conditions. The occurrence of adverse transfusion reactions may cause the clinical condition to deteriorate. A study was conducted aimed at establishing whether the presence of neurological signs during an adverse transfusion reaction increases its severity. METHODS From 1 January 2010 to 30 June 2019, adverse reactions with neurological signs were extracted from the French haemovigilance database system. GSK461364 Two signs observed at the time of the reaction were analysed unconsciousness and convulsions. Stroke was excluded. The type of reaction, its severity, the blood product involved and its imputability were all studied. RESULTS During the study period, 10,670 reactions were reported, including 20 (0.19%) imputed to the transfusion with unconsciousness and/or convulsions. Unconsciousness without convulsions was frequently observed (14 reports, 70.0%). Convulsions were reported in 5 cases (25.0%), with 1 case being associated with unconsciousness. Unconsciousness and/or convulsions were present in 9 allergic reactions (45.0%) and 4 transfusion-associated circulatory overloads (20.0%). Nine reactions were severe (45.0%), 7 were life-threatening (35.0%) and 1 case resulted in the recipient's death (5.0%). A red blood cell and a platelet concentrate transfusion were involved in 8 reactions (40.0%) each, although the imputability of the blood product was certain in only 2 of the reactions. CONCLUSION Unconsciousness and/or convulsions were rarely observed in adverse reactions reported in transfused patients. Nevertheless, the presence of these signs highlights the severity of the adverse reactions (17 reactions, 85.0%). OBJECTIVE To identify implementation strategies used by community pharmacists when initiating the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP). DESIGN This study was a qualitative, mid-implementation study using a semi-structured interview guide. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Community pharmacies in Pennsylvania that received grant funding from the Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association to begin the NDPP. OUTCOME MEASURES A final list of implementation strategies from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change and corresponding action items for pharmacists to begin the NDPP in their community pharmacies. RESULTS Twenty strategies were used by community pharmacists when implementing the NDPP. These strategies were grouped into 3 implementation phases (1) designing the program; (2) enrolling patients; and (3) keeping patients engaged. Strategies were further organized into 8 clusters based on strategy characteristics. Pharmacists commonly noted that making classes dynamic, keeping patients engaged through interactive activities, and encouraging patients to join classes with a companion were important when implementing the NDPP.