Antiviral Exercise involving Silver Copper mineral Oxide and Zinc Nanoparticle Films towards SARSCoV2

Urban construction is a major contributor to air pollution, but few studies have examined heavy metal pollution in urban areas caused by construction dust fall. We measured the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, and Hg and particle size distribution in dust fall from various construction activities in seven fast-developing cities in China and conducted a health risk assessment. Mean metal concentrations in construction dust fall were on the order of Zn (246.3 mg/kg) > Cr (94.2 mg/kg) > Pb (56.5 mg/kg) > Cu (53.6 mg/kg) > Ni (22.8 mg/kg) > Cd (0.68 mg/kg) > Hg (0.08 mg/kg). Cu and Zn were positively correlated in areas of subway and building construction, and Pb and Cd were positively correlated in areas of road construction, likely because of the materials specific to these activities. Enrichment factors for heavy metals at all sampling sites were on the order of Cd (10.4) > Zn (6.37) > Cu (4.25) > Pb (3.84) > Hg (2.41) > Cr (2.02) > Ni (1.32). The enrichment factors for all metals except Zn indicated that heavy metal pollution was highest in road construction, followed by building and subway construction. Non-carcinogenic risks to children (hazard index >1) were 1.01-1.08 in four of the seven sampling sites, indicating possible risk from deposition of construction dust fall. In contrast, the hazard index for adults was less then 1 at the seven cities and total carcinogenic risks ( less then 1 × 10-6) were at acceptable levels. An integrated ecological risk assessment demonstrated that heavy metal particles in construction dust fall in two of the cities (Shijiazhuang and Qingdao) were likely to be suspended in the atmosphere. Our study of heavy metal pollution in construction dust fall provides data on ecological and human health impacts and suggests that extensive measures are required to control construction dust fall in China. Stipa purpurea is a unique and dominant herbaceous plant species in the alpine steppe and meadows on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). In this work, we analyzed the composition and diversity of the culturable endophytic fungi in S. purpurea according to morphological and molecular identification. Then, we investigated the bioactivities of these fungi against plant pathogenic fungi and ACC deaminase activities. A total of 323 fungal isolates were first isolated from S. purpurea, and 33 fungal taxa were identified by internal transcribed spacer primers and grouped into Ascomycota. The diversity of endophytic fungi in S. purpurea was significantly higher in roots as compared to leaves. In addition, more than 40% of the endophytic fungi carried the gene encoding for the ACC deaminase gene. The antibiosis assay demonstrated that 29, 35, 28, 37 and 34 isolates (43.9, 53.1, 42.4, 56.1 and 51.5%) were antagonistic to five plant pathogens fungi, respectively. Our study provided the first assessment of the diversity of culture-depending endophytic fungi of S. purpurea, demonstrated the potential application of ACC deaminase activity and antifungal activities with potential benefits to the host plant, and contributed to high biomass production and adaptation of S. purpurea to an adverse environment.The N-terminal domain of the Pseudomonas sp. FB15 phytase increases low-temperature activity and catalytic efficiency. In this study, the three-dimensional structure of the N-terminal domain was predicted and substitutions for the amino acid residues of the region assumed to be the active site were made. The activity of mutants, in which alanine (A) was substituted for the original residue, was investigated at various temperatures and pH values. Significant differences in enzymatic activity were observed only in mutant E263A, suggesting that the amino acid residue at position 263 of the N-terminal domain is important in enzyme activity.The microbial transglutaminase (MTG) are widely used in the food industry. In this study, the MTG gene of Streptomyces sp. TYQ1024 was cloned and expressed in a food-grade bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis SCK6. Extracellular activity of MTG after codon and signal peptide (SP Ync M) optimization was 20 times that of the pre-optimized enzyme. After purification, the molecular weight of MTG was 38 kDa and the specific activity was 63.75 U/mg. The optimal temperature and pH for recombinant MTG activity were 50 °C and 8.0, respectively. MTG activity increased 1.42-fold in the presence of β-ME and 1.6-fold in the presence of DTT. Besides, 18% sodium chloride still resulted in 83% enzyme activity which showed good salt tolerance. Cross-linking gelatin with MTG increased the strength of gelatin 1.67 times and increased the thermal denaturation temperature from 61.8 to 75.8 °C. MTG significantly increased the strength and thermal stability of gelatin. These characteristics demonstrated the huge commercial potential of MTG, such as its application in salted protein foods.Bacterial surface display systems have been developed for various applications in biotechnology and industry. Particularly, the discovery and design of anchoring motifs is highly important for the successful display of a target protein or peptide on the surface of bacteria. In this study, an efficient display system on Escherichia coli was developed using novel anchoring motifs designed from the E. coli mipA gene. Using the C-terminal fusion system of an industrial enzyme, Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase, six possible fusion sites, V140, V176, K179, V226, V232, and K234, which were truncated from the C-terminal end of the mipA gene (MV140, MV176, MV179, MV226, MV232, and MV234) were examined. The whole-cell lipase activities showed that MV140 was the best among the six anchoring motifs. Furthermore, the lipase activity obtained using MV140 as the anchoring motif was approximately 20-fold higher than that of the previous anchoring motifs FadL and OprF but slightly higher than that of YiaTR232. Western blotting and confocal microscopy further confirmed the localization of the fusion lipase displayed on the E. coli surface using the truncated MV140. Additionally the MV140 motif could be used for successfully displaying another industrial enzyme, α-amylase from Bacillus subtilis. These results showed that the fusion proteins using the MV140 motif had notably high enzyme activities and did not exert any adverse effects on either cell growth or outer membrane integrity. Selleckchem Olaparib Thus, this study shows that MipA can be used as a novel anchoring motif for more efficient bacterial surface display in the biotechnological and industrial fields.