Any hybrid way of creating groups in collaborative mastering contexts

Update Management of colonic diverticulitis Abstract. Several classification systems exist for diverticulosis and diverticulitis. We preferably use the "Classification of Diverticular Disease" (CDD) to grade the severity of disease. This classification is based on imaging by CT scan or ultrasound. The CDD system divides patients into categories with a common therapeutic strategy. Acute uncomplicated diverticulitis is treated by oral or intravenous antibiotics. For the majority of patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis, antibiotic therapy might be omitted in favor of a solely symptomatic therapy. Epigenetic inhibitors Acute diverticulitis complicated by a relevant abscess or a perforation is treated by interventional drainage or surgical therapy. Resection with primary anastomosis replaces more and more resection with end colostomy (Hartmann's procedure). For patients with sepsis, the concept of damage control surgery has been introduced. The indication for elective surgery after conservative treatment of diverticulitis shall be dictated by the degree of the patient's symptoms, rather than the number of conservatively treated episodes of diverticulitis. Persisting complications, as fistulas and stenosis, represent an indication for elective colonic resection.Management of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Abstract. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a common medical problem, but the diagnosis of PID can be challenging because the clinical manifestations may mimic those of other pelvic and abdominal processes. As PID might cause late complications such as infertility or chronic pelvic pain, it is of prime importance that the diagnosis of PID is made promptly to assure the early onset of an adequate antibiotic therapy. Where uncomplicated PID usually has a favorable course, complicated forms with tubo-ovarian abscess generally require surgical exploration.Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) have the highest burden of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a risk factor for high-risk sexual behavior and STI acquisition. Studies that have explored sexual behavior based on the type of reported sexual abuse are limited. This study aimed to further understand current sexual behaviors and perceptions among YMSM that have experienced different types of CSA. Sixteen YMSM who were survivors of CSA were interviewed utilizing a phenomenological conceptual framework and methodology. Thematic findings were divided into two parts. Part I gave an overview of the entire sample, and themes were as follows unprotected oral sex used to evaluate penile abnormalities, trust promoting unprotected sex, and alcohol and other drugs not cited as the reason for casual sex. Part II demonstrated the differences among those with a history of CSA involving non-penile-anal intercourse and those with a history of CSA involving penile-anal intercourse. The major themes in Part II were that victims of CSA involving penile-anal intercourse reported the following a hypersexual self-definition, an STI diagnosis and noncondom use history, and a third sexual partner during sexual activity. Based on the findings, early life experiences such as CSA should be considered when developing preventative sexual health strategies and individuals who experienced penetrative sexual abuse may have different needs which should be further explored.Since 2014, HIV care and treatment services among key populations including female sex workers (FSWs) have intensified in Tanzania. We sought to track the epidemic among FSWs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. We conducted a cross-sectional integrated bio-behavioral survey using respondent-driven sampling and a structured questionnaire. Blood was drawn for HIV testing. Modified Poisson regression was used to determine factors associated with HIV infection. We recruited 958 FSWs (median age 26 years) of whom 952 consented to HIV testing. The HIV prevalence was 15.3% (95%CI 12.5-18.6). Factors associated with higher HIV prevalence included old age (25-34 years aPR 2.38; 95%CI 1.23, 4.60 and over 35 years aPR = 6.08; 95%CI 3.19, 11.58) and having experienced sexual violence in the past year (aPR = 1.94; 95%CI 1.34, 2.82). Attaining higher education level was associated with lower HIV prevalence (aPR = 0.51; 95%CI 0.36, 0.73 for primary school level and aPR = 0.20; 95%CI 0.08, 0.46 for secondary school level and/or above). The HIV prevalence among FSWs in Dar es Salaam has decreased by half since 2013. Prevention strategies should target older FSWs, aim to educate young girls, and institute approaches to mitigate violence among FSWs.Grindr is a geolocation smartphone application popular among men who have sex with men (MSM) to find sexual partners. We conducted a study to assess if attendance and HIV testing amongst MSM increased due to advertisements on Grindr that promoted our service. We measured clinic website hits by users clicking through from Grindr; we counted self-reported registrations that nominated referral from Grindr; and we compared new patient attendances and HIV tests in MSM with heterosexual men, for the 18 months preceding the intervention and the 18 months of the intervention. During the intervention the clinic's website received 11,799 unique hits from Grindr users. The average monthly rate of attendances by new MSM increased 70.3% from 19.0 to 32.3, compared with a 5.5% increase among new heterosexual men from 45.6 to 48.1. The average monthly rate of HIV tests among MSM increased 43.6% from 47.0 to 67.6, compared with a 3.9% increase amongst heterosexual men from 40.0 to 41.6. The MSMheterosexual men rate ratio for new patient attendances changed from 0.42 to 0.67 (p  less then  0.001, adjusted for possible underlying time trends in each period), and for HIV tests this rate ratio changed from 1.18 to 1.63 (p  less then  0.001, adjusted for possible underlying time trends in each period). The effects of the intervention did not significantly change over the course of the 18-month intervention. This study suggests that advertising on Grindr was effective and durable as a means of increasing attendance and HIV testing rates among MSM in northern Sydney.