Different results of cigarette smoking on atopic along with nonatopic adultonset asthma

This study investigated the ingestion of microplastics and artificial cellulose particles by 103 specimens belonging to 21 reef fish species from the southwestern Atlantic. Specimens of six species had ingested microplastics and artificial cellulose particles, while those of another three species had ingested only one type of material. In our samples, man-made cellulose fibers were more common than microplastics. The tomtate grunt, Haemulon aurolineatum, ingested more particles than any of the other species. Overall, transparent particles were predominant, and polyamide was the most common plastic material. Household sewage, fishery activity, and navigation appear to be the principal sources of the artificial particles ingested by the reef fishes. Our results provide an important database on oceanic contamination by microplastics and artificial cellulose particles. Understanding this impact on tropical reef fish will contribute to the development of strategies to mitigate pollution by anthropogenic debris in reef systems.Per- and poly-fluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of highly persistent synthetic chemicals utilized in many industrial and consumer products, and - significantly toward introduction to the marine environment - in fire-fighting foams. Recently, PFAS have been linked to adverse health effects, prompting the need to better understand transport, lability, and fate. Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), a manufactured PFAS and biodegradation product, partitions to marine sediments and thus can be used as a primary indicator toward regulatory efforts. The current study offers a spatial and temporal analysis of Puget Sound from cores collected adjacent Tacoma and Seattle, WA, as well as cores from central Hood Canal and Carr Inlet. Temporal fluxes reflected releases into the environment corresponding with initial production and subsequent increases in use. Biologically active layers ranged from 434 pg/g (Carr Inlet) to 824 pg/g (Hood Canal) PFOS, producing benthic community risk quotients between 0.11 and 0.17.
Myocardial native T1 is a potential measure of myocardial fibrosis, but concerns remain over the potential influence of myocardial edema to increased native T1 signal in subjects prone to fluid overload. This study describes differences in native T2 (typically raised in states of myocardial edema) and native T1 times in patients on hemodialysis by comparing native T1 and native T2 times between subjects on hemodialysis to an asymptomatic control group. Reproducibility of these sequences was tested.
Subjects were recruited prospectively and underwent 3 T-cardiac MRI with acquisition of native T1 and native T2 maps. click here Between group differences in native T1 and T2 maps were assessed using one-way ANOVAs. 30 subjects underwent test-retest scans within a week of their original scan to define sequence reproducibility.
261 subjects completed the study (hemodialysis n = 124, control n = 137). Native T1 times were significantly increased in subjects on hemodialysis compared to control subjects (1259 ms ± 51 vs 1212 ms ± 37, p < 0.01). There was no difference in native T2 times between subjects on hemodialysis and control subjects (39.5 ms ± 2.5 vs 39.5 ms ± 2.3, p = 0.9). These differences were unchanged after adjustment for relevant baseline differences (age, sex and hemoglobin). Inter-study reproducibility for native T1 and T2 mapping was excellent (coefficient of variability 0.9 % and 2.6 % respectively).
The increased native T1 signal demonstrated in subjects on hemodialysis occurs independently of differences in native T2 and the two parameters are not orthogonal. Elevated native T1 in patients on hemodialysis may be driven by water related to myocardial fibrosis rather than edema from volume overload.
The increased native T1 signal demonstrated in subjects on hemodialysis occurs independently of differences in native T2 and the two parameters are not orthogonal. Elevated native T1 in patients on hemodialysis may be driven by water related to myocardial fibrosis rather than edema from volume overload.
To assess the value of volumetric ADC histogram metrics in evaluating the histological subtype and grade of endometrial cancer.
Preoperative MRI datasets of 317 patients with endometrial cancer were used to obtain volumetric ADC histogram metrics (tumour volume; minADC, maxADC and meanADC; 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of ADC; skewness; and kurtosis). The Mann-Whitney test or Student's t-test was used to compare the difference in ADC histogram metrics between endometrioid adenocarcinomas (EACs) and serous endometrial cancers (SECs) and between different tumour grades (G1, G2, G3). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the performance of ADC histogram metrics or combined models in predicting the tumour subtype and grade.
SECs showed a significantly larger tumour volume (P < 0.001) and lower meanADC, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles of ADC than EACs (all P < 0.05). MinADC, maxADC, meanADC, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th percentiles of ADC were significantly higher in G1 than in G2 and G3 EACs (all P < 0.05), while were not significantly different between G2 and G3 EACs (all P > 0.05). A tumour volume ≥ 7.752 cm
allowed for the prediction of SECs, with an AUC of 0.765 (0.714-0.810). A meanADC ≥ 0.892 × 10
 mm
/s enabled to discriminate G1 from G2 and G3 EACs, with an AUC of 0.818 (0.769-0.861).
Volumetric ADC histogram analysis is helpful for non-invasive preoperatively predicting the subtype of endometrial cancer and differentiating G1 from G2 and G3 EACs.
Volumetric ADC histogram analysis is helpful for non-invasive preoperatively predicting the subtype of endometrial cancer and differentiating G1 from G2 and G3 EACs.
MRI based radiomics has the potential to better define tumor biology compared to qualitative MRI assessment and support decisions in patients affected by nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Aim of this review was to systematically evaluate the methodological quality of studies using MRI- radiomics for nasopharyngeal cancer patient evaluation.
A systematic search was performed in PUBMED, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS using "MRI, magnetic resonance imaging, radiomic, texture analysis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, nasopharyngeal cancer" in all possible combinations. The methodological quality of study included ( = 24) was evaluated according to the RQS (Radiomic quality score). Subgroup, for journal type (imaging/clinical) and biomarker (prognostic/predictive), and correlation, between RQS and journal Impact Factor, analyses were performed. Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's correlation were performed. P value < .05 were defined as statistically significant.
Overall, no studies reported a phantom study or a test re-test for assessing stability in image, biological correlation or open science data.