Dinosaurs flourished till asteroid hit fresh past advise

Research on placebo analgesia commonly focuses on the impact of information about direction (i.e., increase or decrease of pain) and magnitude of the expected analgesic effect, whereas temporal aspects of expectations have received little attention so far. In a recent study, using short-lasting, low-intensity stimuli, we demonstrated that placebo analgesia onset is influenced by temporal information. Here, we investigate whether the same effect of temporal suggestions can be found in longer lasting, high-intensity pain in a Cold Pressor Test (CPT).
Fifty-three healthy volunteers were allocated to one of three groups. Participants were informed that the application of an (inert-)cream would reduce pain after 5min (P5) or 30min (P30). The third group was informed that the cream only had hydrating properties (NE). All participants completed the CPT at baseline and 10 (Test 10) and 35min (Test 35) following cream application. Percentage change in exposure time (pain tolerance) from baseline to Test 10 (Δ10) aport the efficacy of active drugs.
Research on placebo effects mainly focuses on the influence of information about direction (i.e., increase or decrease of pain) and magnitude (i.e., strong or weak) of the expected effect but ignores temporal aspects of expectations. In our study in healthy volunteers, the reported onset of placebo analgesia followed the temporal information provided. Such 'external timing' effects could not only aid the clinical use of placebo treatment (e.g., in open-label placebos) but also support the efficacy of active drugs.
To understand and identify cultural factors influencing the self-care practices of African immigrants living with chronic illness in countries outside Africa.
The influence of cultural factors on self-care is relatively unexplored in African immigrants with non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
Systematic Mixed Studies review.
PubMed, Psych Info, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Anthropology Plus and Sociological Abstract computerized databases. No limit was placed on publication date.
Results-based convergent design was used. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool was used to evaluate the studies. Quantitative studies were synthesized narratively while qualitative studies were synthesized using thematic synthesis.
We identified 251 articles and nine fulfilled our inclusion criteria. The studies were published between 2006 and 2019, with six qualitative and three quantitative studies. Studies were conducted in the United States, Australia, Sweden, the Netherlands andan be influential in promoting self-care in African immigrant populations.
Clinicians and policymakers who account for structural factors and integrate cultural factors into care facilities, treatment protocols and policy can be influential in promoting self-care in African immigrant populations.Acetyl-triacylglycerols (acetyl-TAG) contain an acetate group in the sn-3 position instead of the long-chain fatty acid present in regular triacylglycerol (TAG). The acetate group confers unique physical properties such as reduced viscosity and a lower freezing point to acetyl-TAG, providing advantages for use as emulsifiers, lubricants, and 'drop-in' biofuels. Previously, the synthesis of acetyl-TAG in the seeds of the oilseed crop camelina (Camelina sativa) was achieved through the heterologous expression of the diacylglycerol acetyltransferase gene EaDAcT, isolated from Euonymus alatus seeds that naturally accumulate high levels of acetyl-TAG. Subsequent work identified a similar acetyltransferase, EfDAcT, in the seeds of Euonymus fortunei, that possesses higher in vitro activity compared to EaDAcT. In this study, the seed-specific expression of EfDAcT in camelina led to a 20 mol% increase in acetyl-TAG levels over that of EaDAcT. Coupling EfDAcT expression with suppression of the endogenous competing enzyme DGAT1 further enhanced acetyl-TAG accumulation, up to 90 mol% in the best transgenic lines. Accumulation of high levels of acetyl-TAG was stable over multiple generations, with minimal effect on seed size, weight, and fatty acid content. Slight delays in germination were noted in transgenic seeds compared to the wild type. EfDAcT transcript and protein levels were correlated during seed development with a limited window of EfDAcT protein accumulation. In high acetyl-TAG producing lines, EfDAcT protein expression in developing seeds did not reflect the eventual acetyl-TAG levels in mature seeds, suggesting that other factors limit acetyl-TAG accumulation.
To determine the prevalence, risk factors and burden of symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in adult Chinese women.
A nationwide cross-sectional study.
Six geographic regions of mainland China.
Women aged≥20years old were included using a multistage, stratified, cluster sampling method from February 2014 through March 2016.
We conducted a nationwide epidemiological survey. 'Symptomatic POP' was determined by a screening questionnaire and physical examination.
Prevalence, odds ratio (OR).
A total of 55477 women (response rate, 92.5%; mean age, 45.1years old) were included. The prevalence of symptomatic POP was 9.6% (95% CI 9.3-9.8%) and it increased with age in each stage (P<0.05). Symptomatic POP-Q stage II, which mainly involved anterior compartment prolapse, was the most common (7.52%). see more Minor/moderate burden of symptomatic POP was the most common, with a prevalence of 9.7% (95% CI 9.5-10.0%). The odds for each type of symptomatic POP increased with age (>50 vs 20-29years old in symptomatic POP-Q stage II or higher, OR increased from 1.34 [95% CI 1.32-1.45] to 7.34 [95% CI 4.34-12.41]) and multiple vaginal deliveries (multiparous [≥3] vs nulliparous in symptomatic POP-Q stage II or higher, OR increased from 1.91 [1.71-2.13] to 2.78 [2.13-3.64]).
We found a lower prevalence of symptomatic POP than that found in other surveys. The main type of symptomatic POP was anterior compartment prolapse, indicating that it should be considered first. Older age and multiple vaginal deliveries increased the odds of each type of symptomatic POP.
The prevalence of female symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) was 9.6% in China. It is related to old age and multiple vaginal deliveries.
The prevalence of female symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse (POP) was 9.6% in China. It is related to old age and multiple vaginal deliveries.