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To evaluate how sleep quality predicts the trait aspect of mental and physical energy versus fatigue within a healthy non-obese adult population.
A study population of 495 adults completed an online survey concerning trait energy and fatigue as well as sleep quality. Bivariate and adjusted analysis examined whether sleep quality, measured from the Pittsburgh sleep quality instrument, associated with physical and mental trait energy and fatigue (4 separate constructs). Adjusted analysis included caffeine consumption, polyphenol consumption, current mood, perceived mental workload, and physical activity.
Bivariate analysis showed that both physical and mental fatigue were associated with sleep quality, while physical and mental energy were not. However, after adjustment for potential confounders, sleep quality was associated with mental fatigue and physical energy (not physical fatigue).
Findings suggest that improvement in sleep quality among healthy young adults may affect certain aspects of physical versus mental energy and fatigue more strongly than others.
Findings suggest that improvement in sleep quality among healthy young adults may affect certain aspects of physical versus mental energy and fatigue more strongly than others.During the COVID-19 pandemic, factors related to the isolation and quarantine period increased psychobiological distress in the general population around the world, increasing anxiety, emotional stress, and depression, as well as worsening of the quality of sleep. Seeking alternatives to provide support for the implementation of some interventions for well-being and health under pandemic conditions, exergames (active video games) seem to be a feasible alternative to keep people physically active and to positively impact sleep health. In this overview article, we discussed the feasibility of exergames as an option to cope with sleep disorders and improve sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak through increasing physical exercise and physical fitness levels.
Flotation-REST is a treatment for deep relaxation, where a person is contained in a stimuli-restricted environment and floats in water with high salt content. The aim was to investigate the effects from flotation-REST on people with insomnia diagnosis, as previous studies of flotation-REST have demonstrated some effects on sleep but have limitations regarding sample selections and sleep measures.
Six participants were recruited through an outpatient psychiatry clinic and posters on a university campus. All participants fulfilled criteria for insomnia diagnosis and four fulfilled criteria for major depressive disorder. Using a single case experimental design, daily changes were investigated on sleep logs regarding sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency over the course of 12 sessions consisting of 45 min of flotation-REST. No other treatments were offered simultaneously. Questionnaire data on insomnia severity (the ISI) and depressive severity (the MADRS) were also collected.
Three participants improved on their most salient insomnia symptom (long SOL or WASO), and two improved on sleep efficiency. The improvements were maintained 2 months after treatment. Insomnia severity decreased for three patients, whereas depressive severity decreased for five. No changes in TST were found and two patients did not improve on any sleep measure. The two participants who benefitted the most were students in their 20s.
The results were mixed. Flotation-REST may be beneficial for young adults with sleep-onset insomnia but more research is warranted.
The results were mixed. Flotation-REST may be beneficial for young adults with sleep-onset insomnia but more research is warranted.The sleep onset process (SOP) happens every time a person falls asleep, regardless of the time of day or if they are doing an activity. Basic cognitive processes, such as attention, differ between wakefulness and sleep. click here The components of attention - tonic alertness, phasic alertness, selective, and sustained attention - are known to decrease during sleep, however they have not been analyzed during the sleep onset process. This study analyses the state of three of the four components of attention during the sleep onset process through electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and task performance in young people. Nine undergraduate students (18.54±1.24 years old) underwent a control session which was compared to the average of four sleep-inducing sessions. During all sessions, the EEG activity of the subjects was recorded to assess the effect of the SOP on electroencephalographic activity while they answered a continuous performance task (CPT) to assess the effect of the SOP on the components of attention. Comparisons of the EEG recordings of the control and the sleep inducing sessions demonstrated that there is lower activity in fast beta, as well as a higher theta and delta activity right before the sleep onset. There was a decrease in tonic alertness, phasic alertness, and selective attention. This study shows that there is an increase in EEG slow activity and a decrease in fast activity, as well as in attentional capacity during the SOP. This decrease can become a safety hazard since it could happen while performing daily activities.
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disease, often treated using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. In many cases, patients fail a CPAP titration study due to inadequate control of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI, events/hour) or due to treatment-emergent central sleep apnea (TE-CSA). We report our experience using a mode of non-invasive ventilation for alternative treatment of these patients.
We reviewed records of adults who had OSA with AHI≥15 diagnosed on polysomnography (PSG) with failed CPAP titration and in whom titrations with average volume-assured pressure support (AVAPS) with auto-titrating expiratory positive airway pressure were performed.
Forty-five patients, age 57.9±13.1 y, 26 males, body mass index (BMI) 40.2±8.7kg/m
. Reasons for CPAP titration failure included TE-CSA (25, 55.6%) and inadequate control of AHI at maximum CPAP of 20cm H2O (20, 44.4%). Changes noted from baseline PSG to AVAPS titration AHI 65.3±29.3 decreased to 22.3±16.1 (p<0.001). Median time SpO2 ≤88% 63.7 to 6.9min (p<0.001). In 16 patients the AHI was reduced to <15 and in 16 additional patients the AHI was reduced to <30. Improvement in AHI was not related to gender, age, or opioid use, but was correlated with BMI ∆AHI=12.2 - (1.4 * BMI); p=0.05. AVAPS resulted in improved sleep architecture median N3 sleep increased 1.4% to 19.6% total sleep time (TST) (p<0.001), and median R sleep increased 6.4% to 13.6% TST (p<0.01).
For patients with OSA for whom CPAP titration failed, titration with AVAPS may be an effective treatment.
For patients with OSA for whom CPAP titration failed, titration with AVAPS may be an effective treatment.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on sleep quality, depression, anxiety, and physiological stress in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We screened for COPD patients with normal (NorVD) (n=24) and insufficient (InsVD) (n=7) vitamin D levels. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI), the Beck depression inventory (BDI) and the Baevsky's stress index were used for the sleep and psychometric evaluation. The evaluation of sleep quality by PSQI showed that NorVD individuals had higher duration and quality of sleep when compared with the InsVD group. Additionally, the group InsVD presented higher risk of developing sleep quality (OR=6.20; 95% CI=1.334, 29.013; p=0.009). BDI was higher in the InsVD, and this group had a higher risk of developing moderate and severe depression (OR=3.37; 95% CI=0.895, 12.722; p=0.03). The stress index indicated higher values in the InsVD in relation to the NorVD group (InsVD=24±0.8 vs. NorVD=16±0.9), and the group InsVD showed higher risk of developing high and very high physiological stress (OR=7.70; 95% CI=1.351, 43.878; p=0.01). The stress and sleep quality effects were negatively correlated with vitamin D levels. Insufficient levels of vitamin D negatively affect sleep quality and psychometric variables.
Older women with urinary incontinence (UI) commonly report sleep problems. However, little is known about sleep problems in older women with UI who exercise. We aimed to evaluate the relationship of sleep quality with the presence or absence of UI, urine loss, and nocturia episodes in elderly female practitioners of physical exercise.
We conducted a cross-sectional study on older women participating in an extension program, southern Brazil. Data were collected in 2018. Sociodemographic and health characteristics were collected by interview. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - short form was applied to evaluate the presence of UI, as well as the frequency and amount of urine loss. The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Overactive Bladder was used to analyze nocturia episodes. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index.
The study group included 142 older women with a mean age of 68.8±6.8 years. The prevalence of UI was 33.8% (95% CIn with three or more episodes of nocturia also showed worse sleep quality than those without any episode (p=0.029). Conclusion Exercising older women with UI have worse sleep quality than those without this dysfunction. Furthermore, participants who lose large amounts of urine and have more episodes of nocturia also exhibit worse sleep quality.
Assessment of changes in sleep habits at home in children during COVID-19 lockdown.
Retrospective, transversal study in a pediatric ward of a level II hospital. Questionnaires concerning sleep quality, patterns and its modifications during lockdown were distributed from June to August 2020. Comparison with a control sample from previous study (2019). Statistical analysis on SPSS Statistics23.
Two groups were compared during lockdown (n=36, mean age 9.3 years-old) and before lockdown (n=48, mean age 8.8 years-old). 55.6% stated changes in sleep patterns. There was an increase in sleep hours, specifically in school-aged children (p=0.05) and adolescents (p=0.03), with no impact in global subjective sleep quality. Significative increase in screen hours (p=0.02) and its use after dinner (p=0.04).
Changes in sleep patterns during lockdown were frequent, alongside a higher use of screens. However, these did not affect the subjective sleep quality nor increased the occurrence of sleep disturbances.
Changes in sleep patterns during lockdown were frequent, alongside a higher use of screens. However, these did not affect the subjective sleep quality nor increased the occurrence of sleep disturbances.
This study aimed to compare the results of a conservative method and the Sleeve Gastrectomy procedure for weight loss on the cognitive-emotional performance of severely obese women assessed for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome.
Two samples consisting of females, approved for Sleeve Gastrectomy (n = 21) and Conservative Treatment (n = 21) underwent night polysomnography and completed a battery of neuropsychological and emotional tests before and 6 months after the interventions. We compared intra- and inter-sample results, post interventions result to controls, and treated patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome.
Anthropometry, immediate memory, attention, executive functions, and emotional maladjustment improved after the interventions. The conservative method showed better results for inhibitory control, and surgery showed better results for cognitive flexibility, speed of information processing and general cognitive and emotional performance for women with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome. Learning decreased following both interventions.