Endophytic Microbe Residential areas associated with Ginkgo biloba Leaves During Leaf Developing Period

This study aimed to evaluated ischemic metabolites in subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, and calcaneal cancellous bone before, during, and after tourniquet application in a simultaneous paired comparison of tourniquet-exposed and non-tourniquet-exposed legs. Ten patients scheduled for hallux valgus or hallux rigidus surgery were included. Microdialysis catheters were placed to simultaneously and continuously sample the metabolites glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and glycerol bilaterally for 12 h in subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, and calcaneal cancellous bone. A tourniquet was applied on the leg planned for surgery (inflation time 15 min, mean tourniquet duration time (range) 65 (58;77) min). During tourniquet inflation, a 2- to 3-fold increase of the mean lactate/pyruvate ratio was found for all investigated tissues in the tourniquet-exposed leg compared with the non-tourniquet-exposed leg. The lactate/pyruvate ratio recovery time after tourniquet release was within 30 min for skeletal muscle, 60 min for subcutaneous tissue, and 130 min for calcaneal cancellous bone. Only the tourniquet-exposed skeletal muscles were found to be ischemic during tourniquet inflation, defined by a significant increase of the lactate/pyruvate ratio exceeding the ischemic cutoff level of 25; however, this level decreased below 25 immediately after tourniquet release. The glycerol ratio increased instantly after inflation in the tourniquet-exposed leg in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous tissue, and recovered within 60 (skeletal muscle) and 130 min (subcutaneous tissue) after tourniquet release. These findings suggest that applying tourniquet for approximately 1 h results in limited tissue ischemia and cell damage in subcutaneous tissue, skeletal muscle, and calcaneal cancellous bone.Elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCa ) may benefit plants during drought by reducing stomatal conductance (gs ) but any 'water savings effect' could be neutralized by concurrent stimulation of leaf area. We investigated whether eCa enhanced water savings, thereby ameliorating the impact of drought on carbon and water relations in trees. We report leaf-level gas exchange and whole-plant and soil water relations during a short-term dry-down in two Eucalyptus species with contrasting drought tolerance. Plants had previously been established for 9 to 11 months in steady-state conditions of ambient atmospheric CO2 (aCa ) and eCa , with half of each treatment group exposed to sustained drought for 5 to 7 months. The lower stomatal conductance under eCa did not lead to soil moisture savings during the dry-down due to the counteractive effect of increased whole-plant leaf area. Nonetheless, eCa -grown plants maintained higher photosynthetic rates and leaf water potentials, making them less stressed during the dry-down, despite being larger. These effects were more pronounced in the xeric species than the mesic species, and in previously water-stressed plants. Our findings indicate that eCa may enhance plant performance during drought despite a lack of soil water savings, especially in species with more conservative growth and water-use strategies.Heavy metal concentrations, which have been increasing over the last 200 years, affect soil quality and crop yields. These elements are difficult to eliminate from soils and may constitute a human health hazard by entering the food chain. Recently, we obtained a selection of mutants with different degrees of tolerance to a mixture of heavy metals (HMmix) in order to gain a deeper insight into the underlying mechanism regulating plant responses to these elements. In this study, we characterized the mutant obtained Atkup8 (in this work, Atkup8-2), which showed one of the most resistant phenotypes, as determined by seedling root length. Atkup8-2 is affected in the potassium transporter KUP8, a member of the high-affinity K+ uptake family KUP/HAK/KT. Atkup8-2 mutants, which are less affected as measured by seedling root length under HMmix conditions, showed a resistant phenotype with respect to WT seedlings which, despite their delayed growth, are able to develop true leaves at levels similar to those under control conditions. Adult Atkup8-2 plants had a higher fresh weight than WT plants, a resistant phenotype under HMmix stress conditions and lower levels of oxidative damage. KUP8 did not appear to be involved in heavy metal or macro- and micro-nutrient uptake and translocation from roots to leaves, as total concentrations of these elements were similar in both Atkup8-2 and WT plants. However, alterations in cellular K+ homeostasis in this mutant cannot be ruled out.Pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a common measure of arterial stiffness. Non-invasive methods to measure PWV are widely used in biomedical studies of aging and cardiovascular disease, but they are rarely used in psychophysiology. Barriers to wider use include the prohibitive costs of specialized equipment and need for trained technicians (e.g., ultrasonographers). Here, we describe an impedance cardiography method to measure PWV. Telacebec purchase By this method, impedance signals are dually collected from the thorax and calf. Combined with ensemble averaging of vascular signals, this dual impedance cardiography (d-ICG) method allows for the measurement of aortic flow onset and the arrival time of peripheral pulse waveforms to compute PWV. In a community sample of adults (aged 19-78 years), PWV measured with d-ICG exhibited a strong positive correlation with age. Moreover, age-specific mean PWV values were within the normative reference intervals established by large scale studies using other techniques. PWV derived from d-ICG exhibited high test-retest reliability across several days, as well as excellent inter-rater reliability. Last, PWV exhibited expected associations with known cardiovascular disease risk factors and indicators of autonomic cardiovascular control. d-ICG is an inexpensive and reliable method to assess arterial stiffness.
Studies have found that reductions in World Health Organization (WHO) drinking risk levels may be a stable outcome of treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and associated with functional improvements. The aim of this study was to investigate whether posttreatment reductions in WHO drinking risk levels are stable over time among older adults and associated with a decrease in consequences of drinking and AUD symptoms and improved quality of life.
Participants. Individuals 60+years old, suffering from DSM-5 AUD (n=693), and seeking outpatient treatment.
WHO drinking risk levels, prior to treatment and at all follow-up points up to 1year after treatment start, were assessed with Form 90. Outcomes at follow-up included consequences of drinking (Drinker Inventory of Consequences), quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), and DSM-5 AUD symptoms (Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview). Logistic regression and linear mixed models were used to examine the probability of maintaining risk-level reductions at follow-up and the association between risk-level reductions and outcomes, respectively.