Environmental methane along with nitrous oxide issues alongthe way to Internet Zero

Due to the adverse effect of energy production from traditional fossil fuels, the move toward renewable and sustainable energy has become imperative. The waste disposal sector offers hope toward environmental sustainability and potential to generate strong income for any economy. The region of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries in the Middle East generates the highest quantity of municipal waste per capita, compared to other countries globally. In the GCC region, waste is usually just dumped at different landfill stations. Effective waste management is imperative for environmental protection and sustainable development. This article presents a review of the sustainable waste management strategies in Oman, in line with the United Nations goal on environmental management of waste. The current waste management strategies in Oman were discussed, and various waste-to-energy (WTE) technologies were proposed. These proposed WTE strategies would help in effective waste management in Oman and also in 2015-2020), for the various engineered landfills. The cost of managing waste in the different governorates of Oman was presented, considering the average annual waste produced, in various regions of the country for the duration of the study. Furthermore, some challenges and opportunities in carrying out effective waste management in Oman were addressed.Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by articular cartilage degradation and inflammation of synovium, the specialized connective tissue that envelops the diarthrodial joint. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is often found in OA patients, with nearly double the incidence of arthritis reported in patients with diabetes (52%) than those without it (27%). The correlation between OA and DM has been attributed to similar risk factors, namely increasing age and joint loading due to obesity. However, a potential causative link is not well understood due to comorbidities involved with treating diabetic patients, such as high infection rates and poor healing response caused by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hyperglycemic and insulin culture conditions on synovium properties. It was hypothesized that modeling hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance in synovium would provide novel insights of OA pathogenesis in DM patients. To sionditions decreased collagen and GAG content compared to EG groups, while insulin recovered ECM constituents. FLS mechanosensitivity was significantly greater in EG and insulin conditions compared to HG and non-insulin treated groups. Hyperglycemic treatment led to decreased incidence and length of primary cilia and decreased AKT phosphorylation, providing possible links to the mechanosensing response and suggesting a potential correlation between glycemic culture conditions, diabetic insulin resistance, and OA development.Transcription factor (TF)-promoter pairs have been repurposed from native hosts to provide tools to measure intracellular biochemical production titer and dynamically control gene expression. Most often, native TF-promoter systems require rigorous screening to obtain desirable characteristics optimized for biotechnological applications. High-throughput techniques may provide a rational and less labor-intensive strategy to engineer user-defined TF-promoter pairs using fluorescence-activated cell sorting and deep sequencing methods (sort-seq). Based on the designed promoter library's distribution characteristics, we elucidate sequence-function interactions between the TF and DNA. In this work, we use the sort-seq method to study the sequence-function relationship of a σ54-dependent, butanol-responsive TF-promoter pair, BmoR-PBMO derived from Thauera butanivorans, at the nucleotide level to improve biosensor characteristics, specifically an improved dynamic range. Activities of promoters from a mutagenized PBMO library were sorted based on gfp expression and subsequently deep sequenced to correlate site-specific sequences with changes in dynamic range. We identified site-specific mutations that increase the sensor output. Double mutant and a single mutant, CA(129,130)TC and G(205)A, in PBMO promoter increased dynamic ranges of 4-fold and 1.65-fold compared with the native system, respectively. In addition, sort-seq identified essential sites required for the proper function of the σ54-dependent promoter biosensor in the context of the host. This work can enable high-throughput screening methods for strain development.The treatment of fractures of the distal tibia can be problematic due to the insubstantial soft-tissue covering this part of the anatomy. This study investigates a novel strategy for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of distal tibia fractures called bionic lightweight design plating. Following the structure of the animal trabecular bone, we utilized topological mathematical methods to redesign the material layout of the internal fixation device to fulfill the desired lightweight design within given boundary conditions. The results showed that this method can maintain the same stability of the construct as the original plate after a reduction in the original volume by 30%, and the differences in strain energy of plates and maximum node displacement of constructs between the constructs [RP construct vs. LP construct] were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). In the safety assessment of the constructs, the peak stress of plates between constructs was found to not be statistically significantly different under a doubled physiological load (p > 0.05). The average stress of the plates' elements exceeding the allowable stress was analyzed, and no statistically significant differences were found between the two constructs under axial compression stress conditions (p > 0.05). The average stress of the plates' elements in the redesigned plating construct under torsional stress conditions was 3.08% less than that of the locked plating construct (p less then 0.05). Under the double physiological load condition, 89% of the elements of the plate in the redesigned plating construct and 85% of the elements of the plate in the locked plating construct were lower than the maximum safe stress of the plate, which was 410 MPa (secondary allowable stresses). That reminds us the topology optimization offer a possible way to improve the capacity of soft tissue protection while ensuring the safety of the RP construct by reducing the volume of the implants.Global consumption of protein is projected to double by the middle of the 21st century. However, protein production is one of the most energy intensive and environmentally damaging parts of the food supply system today. Electromicrobial production technologies that combine renewable electricity and CO2-fixing microbial metabolism could dramatically increase the energy efficiency of commodity chemical production. Here we present a molecular-scale model that sets an upper limit on the performance of any organism performing electromicrobial protein production. We show that engineered microbes that fix CO2 and N2 using reducing equivalents produced by H2-oxidation or extracellular electron uptake could produce amino acids with energy inputs as low as 64 MJ kg-1, approximately one order of magnitude higher than any previous estimate of the efficiency of electromicrobial protein production. This work provides a roadmap for development of engineered microbes that could significantly expand access to proteins produced with a low environmental footprint.Purpose This study aimed to combine the clinical data of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to obtain prognosis-related biomarkers, construct a prognostic risk model using long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in AML and help patients with AML make clinical treatment decisions. Methods We analysed the transcriptional group information of 151 patients with AML obtained from TCGA and extracted the expressions of lncRNAs. According to the mutation frequency, the patients were divided into the high mutation group (genomic unstable group, top 25% of mutation frequency) and low mutation group (genomic stable group, 25% after mutation frequency). The 'limma' R package was used to analyse the difference in lncRNA expressions between the two groups, and the "survival," "caret," and "glmnet" R packages were used to screen lncRNAs that are related to clinical prognosis. Subsequently, a prognosis-related risk model was constructed and verified through different methods. Results According gh- and low-risk status. The ROC analysis confirmed this finding and showed that the model had high prediction accuracy. The Kaplan-Meier analysis of the clinical subgroups showed that this model can predict prognosis independent of clinicopathological factors. Therefore, the proposed prognostic lncRNA risk model can be used as an independent biomarker of AML.Inteins are protein segments that are capable of enabling the ligation of flanking extein into a new protein, a process known as protein splicing. Since its discovery, inteins have become powerful biotechnological tools for applications such as protein engineering. Selleckchem Etomoxir In the last 10 years, the development in synthetic biology has further endowed inteins with enhanced functions and diverse utilizations. Here we review these efforts and discuss the future directions.Elbow trauma can lead to post-traumatic joint contracture (PTJC), which is characterized by loss of motion associated with capsule/ligament fibrosis and cartilage damage. Unfortunately, current therapies are often unsuccessful or cause complications. This study aimed to determine the effects of prophylactically administered simvastatin (SV) and losartan (LS) in two preclinical models of elbow PTJC an in vivo elbow-specific rat injury model and an in vitro collagen gel contraction assay. The in vivo elbow rat (n = 3-10/group) injury model evaluated the effects of orally administered SV and LS at two dosing strategies [i.e., low dose/high frequency/short duration (D1) vs. high dose/low frequency/long duration (D2)] on post-mortem elbow range of motion (via biomechanical testing) as well as capsule fibrosis and cartilage damage (via histopathology). The in vitro gel contraction assay coupled with live/dead staining (n = 3-19/group) evaluated the effects of SV and LS at various concentrations (i.e., 1, 10, 100 µMpreventing or mitigating elbow PTJC.Psoriasis (PS) and Atopic Dermatitis (AD) are two of the most prevalent inflammatory skin diseases. Dysregulations in the immune response are believed to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of these conditions. Various parallels can be drawn between the two disorders, as they are both genetically mediated, and characterised by dry, scaly skin caused by abnormal proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes. The use of in vitro disease models has become an increasingly popular method to study PS and AD due to the high reproducibility and accuracy in recapitulating the pathogenesis of these conditions. However, due to the extensive range of in vitro models available and the majority of these being at early stages of production, areas of development are needed. This review summarises the key features of PS and AD, the different types of in vitro models available to study their pathophysiology and evaluating their efficacy in addition to discussing future research opportunities.