Etiologyspecific reply to antiseizure treatment in focal epilepsy

ROI analyses of brain tissue susceptibility show that optimization by streaking detection achieves results in good agreement with that from matching noise level method.
Streaking detection enables direct visualization of streaking patterns in tissue susceptibility maps. It can be applied both for evaluating QSM reconstruction quality and for comparing different reconstruction algorithms. Furthermore, streaking detection can be incorporated into an optimization process of QSM reconstruction. Therefore, we conclude that the proposed method will add value to reconstruction of QSM.
Streaking detection enables direct visualization of streaking patterns in tissue susceptibility maps. It can be applied both for evaluating QSM reconstruction quality and for comparing different reconstruction algorithms. Furthermore, streaking detection can be incorporated into an optimization process of QSM reconstruction. Therefore, we conclude that the proposed method will add value to reconstruction of QSM.
Dravet syndrome (DS) is a drug-resistant, infantile onset epilepsy syndrome with multiple seizure types and developmental delay. In recently published randomized controlled trials, fenfluramine (FFA) proved to be safe and effective in DS.
DS patients were treated with FFA in the Zogenix Early Access Program at four Italian pediatric epilepsy centers. FFA was administered as add-on, twice daily at an initial dose of 0.2mg/kg/d up to 0.7mg/kg/d. Seizures were recorded in a diary. Adverse events and cardiac safety (with Doppler echocardiography) were investigated every 3 to 6months.
Fifty-two patients were enrolled, with a median age of 8.6years (interquartile range [IQR] = 4.1-13.9). Forty-five (86.5%) patients completed the efficacy analysis. The median follow-up was 9.0months (IQR = 3.2-9.5). At last follow-up visit, there was a 77.4% median reduction in convulsive seizures. Thirty-two patients (71.1%) had a ≥50% reduction of convulsive seizures, 24 (53.3%) had a ≥75% reduction, and five (11.1%) were seizure-free. The most common adverse event was decreased appetite (n=7, 13.4%). No echocardiographic signs of cardiac valvulopathy or pulmonary hypertension were observed. There was no correlation between type of genetic variants and response to FFA.
In this real-world study, FFA provided a clinically meaningful reduction in convulsive seizure frequency in the majority of patients with DS and was well tolerated.
In this real-world study, FFA provided a clinically meaningful reduction in convulsive seizure frequency in the majority of patients with DS and was well tolerated.
Alcohol demand is a key behavioral economic concept that provides an index of alcohol's relative reinforcing value. Initial studies have reported that alcohol demand increases during alcohol administration and in response to alcohol cues. However, the extent to which these effects are observed explicitly in samples composed of individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and are operative in conjunction with each other has not been studied.
To address this gap in the literature, we assessed alcohol demand during an alcohol challenge and subsequent alcohol cue-exposure paradigm in non-treatment-seeking, alcohol-dependent (i.e., DSM-IV criteria) participants (N=27). Specifically, participants completed 2 counterbalanced intravenous, placebo-controlled, alcohol administration sessions followed by a controlled cue-exposure paradigm. At baseline and at breath alcohol concentration of 0.06g/dl, participants completed the alcohol purchase task, assessing estimated alcohol consumption at escalating prices. selleck chemicals llc Participants were also assessed for alcohol demand following each cue exposure.
During alcohol administration, there was a significant decrease in the rate of change in elasticity compared with placebo, and during the cue-reactivity paradigm, there was a significant main effect such that alcohol cues decreased the rate of change in elasticity relative to water cues. There were no statistically significant differences in other demand indices.
These findings provide further evidence that alcohol administration increases price insensitivity and extends the literature on alcohol's effects on demand by using a clinical sample with AUD and by adding a placebo-alcohol condition.
These findings provide further evidence that alcohol administration increases price insensitivity and extends the literature on alcohol's effects on demand by using a clinical sample with AUD and by adding a placebo-alcohol condition.
The use of functional traits has surged in recent decades, providing new insights ranging from individual plant fitness to ecosystem processes. Global plant trait databases have advanced our understanding of plant functional diversity, but they remain incomplete because of geographic and taxonomic biases. Herbarium specimens may help fill these gaps by providing trait information across space and time. We tested whether herbarium specimen-derived measurements are reliable estimates of three important, commonly measured functional traits-specific leaf area (SLA), branch wood specific gravity, and leaf thickness.
Leaves and branches were collected from species cultivated at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden and Florida International University in Miami, FL, USA. Fresh components of SLA (area), branch wood specific gravity (volume), and leaf thickness were measured following standard trait measurement protocols. We compared these trait values to corresponding measurements using plant tissues dried in a plantdata still have the potential to drastically expand the temporal, geographic, and taxonomic scope of global trait databases.
SNAI1 is an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer, which has been indicated to play a role in the progression of cancers. We aimed to evaluate the expression and prognostic roles of SNAI1 in head and neck carcinoma (HNC).
The study involved two major phases. In the in silico phase, the SNAI1 expression and its association with clinical features as well as its prognostic values were assessed; then, the target genes of SNAI1 were predicted and the relationship between SNAI1 expression and immune cell infiltration was evaluated. In the validation phase, a cohort of a tissue microarray (47 cases) and a cohort of HNC patients (68 cases) were enrolled. SNAI1 was detected by using an immunochemistry assay.
The in silico analysis showed that overexpression of SNAI1 in HNC tissues may be correlated with metastatic lymph node numbers and may predict poor outcomes. Six genes, including CREB3L1, MITF, KLF9, RARA, KLF7, and ETV1, were predicted to be the target genes of SNAI1. The expression of SNAI1 was negatively correlated with tumor purity of HNC, while it was positively correlated with the infiltration of diverse immune cells, such as B cells and macrophages.