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The paper investigates what type of motivation can be given for adopting a knowledge-based decision theory (hereafter, KBDT). KBDT seems to have several advantages over competing theories of rationality. It is commonly argued that this theory would naturally fit with the intuitive idea that being rational is doing what we take to be best given what we know, an idea often supported by appeal to ordinary folk appraisals. Moreover, KBDT seems to strike a perfect balance between the problematic extremes of subjectivist and objectivist decision theory. We argue that these alleged advantages do not stand up to a closer scrutiny KBDT inherits the same kinds of problems as alternative decision theoretic frameworks but doesn't retain any of the respective advantages. selleck chemicals llc Moreover, differently from other knowledge-action principles advanced in the literature, KBDT cannot fully explain the intuitive connections between knowledge and rational action. We conclude that the most serious challenge for knowledge-based decision theorists is to provide a substantive rationale for the adoption of such a view.Processes of cold-air pool (CAP) erosion in an Alpine valley during south foehn are investigated based on a real-case large-eddy simulation (LES). The event occurred during the second Intensive Observation Period (IOP 2) of the PIANO field experiment in the Inn Valley, Austria, near the city of Innsbruck. The goal is to clarify the role of advective versus turbulent heating, the latter often being misrepresented in mesoscale models. It was found that the LES of the first day of IOP 2 outperforms a mesoscale simulation, is not yet perfect, but is able to reproduce the CAP evolution and structure observed on the second day of IOP 2. The CAP exhibits strong heterogeneity in the along-valley direction. It is weaker in the east than in the west of the city with a local depression above the city. This heterogeneity results from different relative contributions and magnitudes of turbulent and advective heating/cooling, which mostly act against each other. Turbulent heating is important for faster CAP erosion in the east and advective cooling is important for CAP maintenance to the west of Innsbruck. The spatial heterogeneity in turbulent erosion is linked to splitting of the foehn into two branches at the mountain range north of the city, with a stronger eastward deflected branch. Intensification of the western branch at a later stage leads to complete CAP erosion also to the west of Innsbruck. Above the city centre, turbulent heating is strongest, and so is advective cooling by enhanced pre-foehn westerlies. These local winds are the result of CAP heterogeneity and gravity-wave asymmetry. This study emphasizes the importance of shear-flow instability for CAP erosion. It also highlights the large magnitudes of advective and turbulent heating compared to their net effect, which is even more pronounced for individual spatial components.COVID-19 pandemic has been spread like wildfire and left its deadly impact throughout the world. This would harm businesses according to the sectors. Like other sectors real estate sector under the construction industry is also facing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. It becomes very detrimental about labour market, company liquidity, the supply of materials, project delivery, and key cost components, and so on. In general, it happens that the real estate sector often experiences complexities in case of project completion, scheduling, and financing. The planned work cannot be carried out due to the non-availability of sufficient numbers of skilled labours and staff. Moreover due to effects of pandemic real estate sectors and the work-life of real estate professionals are being hampered. It is very much obvious that human resources act as the lifeline of any organization and they need to be handled and managed with the utmost care and dignity. Despite the physical, technological and financial resources in the business, human resource is such a critical asset that employers should take care of their quality of work-life all the time, not only during the crisis period. By satisfying them the business can achieve its objectives in terms of revenue and recognition. After a strict lockdown when things return to new normal and employees return to work, the company needs to take certain 'human resource' perspectives for maintaining a good quality of work life. All the employers should implement some strategies concerning to qualitative work life of the employees during this epidemic situation. The real estate sector is labour intensive and employees are a very critical resource that helps to increase productivity and enhancing competitiveness in the market. The impact of the pandemic on the quality of work-life among real estate employees in Kolkata, India is also studied.On 30 October 2020, a strong normal-faulting earthquake struck Samos Island in Greece and İzmir Province in Turkey, both in the eastern Aegean Sea. The earthquake generated a tsunami that hit the coasts of Samos Island, Greece and İzmir, Turkey. National teams performed two post-tsunami field surveys on 31 October to 1 November 2020, and 4-6 November 2020, along the Turkish coastline; while the former was a quick survey on the days following the tsunami, the latter involved more detailed measurement and investigation focusing on a ~ 110-km-long coastline extending from Alaçatı (Çeşme District of İzmir) to Gümüldür (Menderes District of İzmir). The survey teams measured runup and tsunami heights, flow depths, and inundation distances at more than 120 points at eight different localities. The largest tsunami runup among the surveyed locations was measured as 3.8 m in Akarca at a distance of 91 m from the shoreline. The maximum tsunami height of 2.3 m (with a flow depth of 1.4 m) was observed at Kaleiçi region in Sığacık, where the most severe tsunami damage was observed. There, the maximum runup height was measured as 1.9 m at the northeastern side of the bay. The survey team also investigated tsunami damage to coastal structures, noticing a gradual decrease in the impact from Gümüldür to further southeast. The findings of this field survey provide insights into the coastal impact of local tsunamis in the Aegean Sea.