Huge Harmonic Oscillator Array Analyzers

Early-life healthy gut microbiota has a profound implication on shaping the mucosal immune system as well as maintaining healthy status later in life, especially at the prenatal or neonatal stages, while intestinal dysbiosis in early life is associated with several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). MNU chemical Since the gut microbiome is potentially modifiable, optimizing the intestinal bacterial composition in early life may be a novel option for T1D prevention. In this review, we will review current data depicting the crucial role of early-life intestinal microbiome in the development of T1D and discuss the possible mechanisms whereby early-life intestinal microbiome influences the T1D progression. We also summarize recent findings on environmental factors affecting gut microbiota colonization and interventions that may successfully alter microbial composition to discuss potential means of preventing T1D progression in at-risk children.
Women with prior gestational diabetes (GDM) are at increased diabetes risk. This study aimed to assess whether lifestyle is associated with glycemic health of high-risk women 5years postpartum, taking into account the pre-pregnancy BMI.
The RADIEL study enrolled before or in early pregnancy 720 women with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30kg/m
and/or prior GDM. The follow-up visit 5years postpartum included questionnaires and measurements of anthropometrics, blood pressure, and physical activity (PA) as well as analyses of glucose metabolism, lipids, and inflammatory markers. We measured body composition (Inbody) and calculated a Healthy Food Intake Index (HFII) from Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ). ArmBand measured PA, sedentary time, and sleep. To take into account the diverse risk groups of GDM, we divided the women based on pre-pregnancy BMI over/under 30kg/m
.
Altogether 348 women attended the follow-up. The obese and non-obese women showed similar prevalence of glycemic abnormalities, 13% and 19% (p = 0.139). PA levels were higher among the non-obese women (p < 0.05), except for step count, and their HFII was higher compared to the obese women (p = 0.033). After adjusting for age, education, and GDM history, PA and HFII were associated with glycemic health only among obese women. When both lifestyle factors were in the same model, only PA remained significant. PA associated with other markers of metabolic health also among the non-obese women, excluding HbA1c.
Lifestyle 5years postpartum was associated with better glycemic health only among the obese high-risk women. PA, however, is essential for the metabolic health of all high-risk women.
ClinicalTrials.gov, http//www.clinicaltrials.com , NCT01698385.
ClinicalTrials.gov, http//www.clinicaltrials.com , NCT01698385.Betel quid (BQ) is the fourth most commonly consumed psychoactive substance in the world. However, comprehensive functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies exploring the neurophysiological mechanism of BQ addiction are lacking. Betel-quid-dependent (BQD) individuals (n = 24) and age-matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 26) underwent fMRI before and after chewing BQ. Multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) was used to explore the acute effects of BQ-chewing in both groups. A cross-sectional comparison was conducted to explore the chronic effects of BQ-chewing. Regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between altered circuits of BQD individuals and the severity of BQ addiction. MVPA achieved classification accuracies of up to 90% in both groups for acute BQ-chewing. Suppression of the default-mode network was the most prominent feature. BQD showed more extensive and intensive within- and between-network dysconnectivity of the default, frontal-parietal, and occipital regions associated with high-order brain functions such as self-awareness, inhibitory control, and decision-making. In contrast, the chronic effects of BQ on the brain function were mild, but impaired circuits were predominately located in the default and frontal-parietal networks which might be associated with compulsive drug use. Simultaneously quantifying the effects of both chronic and acute BQ exposure provides a possible neuroimaging-based BQ addiction foci. Results from this study may help us understand the neural mechanisms involved in BQ-chewing and BQ dependence.Bipolar disorder (BD) is a life-threatening illness which clinically defined by an alternating pattern of depressive and manic episodes with a separated period of euthymia. It remains unknown about the consistency of temporal-spatial spontaneous brain activity in euthymic patients, especially in pediatric BD (PBD) patients.Resting-state fMRI signals of sixteen euthymic PBD patients and 16 healthy controls were processed and FOur-dimensional (spatiotemporal) Consistency of local neural Activities (FOCA) and functional connectivity were calculated in the present study. Voxel-wised correlation between clinical and cognitive indices and FOCA in PBD was calculated.Compared with healthy subjects, euthymic PBD patients showed worse performance in tests of Stroop Color-Word Test, Digit Span Test and Trail Making Test. Euthymic PBD patients demonstrated increased FOCA in left inferior frontal gyrus, left anterior cingulate cortex and left superior frontal gyrus and decreased FOCA in right orbital frontal gyrus, bilateral precuneus, right superior occipital gyrus and bilateral superior parietal gyrus. Decreased functional connectivities were found between right orbital frontal gyrus and left amygdala, between left superior frontal gyrus and left putamen, and between left superior frontal gyrus and left insula. And increased functional connectivity was found between right superior occipital gyrus and right hippocampus. FOCA of parahippocampal gyrus was negatively correlated with the SCWT-B score in PBD patients.Abnormal spatiotemporal consistency of brain regions of corticolimbic circuitry is possible to contribute to an imbalance between emotional processing and cognitive control in euthymic PBD. The measurement of FOCA measure may provide important clues of understanding PBD.