Impulsive closure regarding degenerative lamellar macular opening with epiretinal membrane layer proliferation

Oral cancer awareness among newly graduated dentists could have a substantial impact in the prevention and early detection of oral cancer.
This survey was undertaken to assess the knowledge, opinion, attitudes, and practices on oral cancer among newly graduated dentists in Kuwait.
In this cross-sectional study, self-reported questionnaire was distributed to the newly graduated dentists. Of the 310 dentists who participated, 171 (55.2%) were males and 139 (44.8%) were females. The questionnaire included 23- questions on oral cancer knowledge, opinion, attitudes, and practices.
The mean age of the dentists was 25.8 ± 2.4 years and their mean years of experience 1.5 ± 1.7 years. Overall, a great majority of dentists (95.8%) recognized tobacco use and alcohol consumption as very important risk factors for oral cancer occurrence. Almost all of participants were aware of the most common form of oral cancer (94.2%). Most of the dentists correctly identified the most common site of oral cancer (93.5%). Majorie the training programs in oral cancer education mainly in prevention and early detection. Continuing education programs and workshops are highly recommended to raise awareness of the dentists on risk factors and diagnosis of oral cancer.
The oral healthcare offered to pediatric cancer patients at the hospital level must include educational and preventive strategies based on dialogical and welcoming professional attitudes. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the perception of pediatric cancer patients and their parents/guardians about an educational and preventive oral healthcare program implemented in a reference hospital for cancer treatment.
A qualitative follow-up investigation was conducted in which we evaluated the perception of pediatric cancer patients and their parents/guardians regarding an educational and preventive oral health program (OHEPP). The participants were 27 children and adolescents undergoing cancer treatment and their parents/guardians, and the assessment was carried out at 15 and 30 days after beginning the program through semi-structured interviews. The program used audiovisual resources, storytelling and playful instruments for the oral health education of patients and parents/guardians. The interviews were then transcribed and the Discourse of the Collective Speech (DCS) technique was performed for data analysis.
Patients and parents/guardians reported improvement in oral hygiene habits and conditions. Patients reported greater enthusiasm for oral care and highlighted the recreational aspect of the program. Parents/guardians reported being more clear about oral changes and paying attention to the appearance of comorbidities resulting from anticancer treatment.
This study suggests that implementation of the oral health program favored communication between health professionals, patients and their parents/guardians, expanding knowledge and generating behavior change in oral healthcare.
This study suggests that implementation of the oral health program favored communication between health professionals, patients and their parents/guardians, expanding knowledge and generating behavior change in oral healthcare.
To determine the predictive factors of neutropenia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with malignancy receiving chemotherapy (CMT) or radiotherapy (RT).
The author conducted a retrospective study on HIV-infected patients with malignancy receiving CMT or RT at Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Thailand, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. Baseline demographic characteristics, HIV disease data, and cancer data were collected.
A total of 210 courses of CMT, concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT), or RT treatments were administered to 39 HIV-infected patients with malignancy. Neutropenia occurred in 51 (24.3%) of the 210 treatment courses in 23 (60%) patients. Multivariable analysis revealed that HIV-infected patients with malignancy who received CMT or CCRT (hazard ratio [HR] 10.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.36-86.05, p = 0.024) and those who received over five cycles of CMT (HR 5.25, 95% CI 1.10-26.01, p = 0.037) were independently associated with neutropenia.
Receiving CMT or CCRT and receiving more than five cycles of CMT are risk factors for neutropenia in HIV-infected patients with malignancy.
Receiving CMT or CCRT and receiving more than five cycles of CMT are risk factors for neutropenia in HIV-infected patients with malignancy.
Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer-related deathworldwide. Have been reported high mortality rates from lung cancer in Latin America, but the disparities within the regions of Peru and under-reporting death certification reported prevent the inclusion of Peru in analysis of the mortality trends for lung cancer. We evaluated lung cancer mortality trends and smoking prevalence in Peru and its geographical areas.
We obtained the data from the registry of the Peruvian Ministry of Health between 2008 and 2017. Mortality rates per 100,000 person-years were computed using the world's SEGI population and trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint regression Program Version 4.7.0. Smoking prevalence was estimated from the Demographic and Family Health Survey.
In Peru, mortality rates were roughly 1.3 times higher in males than in females. The coast region had significant downward trends among males, whereas the highlands region had significant upward trends among females. According to provinces regions. Males had a higher smoking prevalence, principally among young adults. Public health interventions for smoking reduction should be implemented to reduce lung cancer mortality.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2/neu) is one of the most extensively studied proto-oncogens in breast cancer patients. Accurate and timely assessment of the HER2/neu over expression is pivotal for the identification of breast cancer patients that could benefit from HER2-targeted therapy. The present study was undertaken to investigate the diagnostic utility of serum HER2/neu testing by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) in breast cancer patients and compare it with the immunohistochemistry (IHC) method of HER2/neu expression.
Serum sample and tissue/paraffin block was collected from 52 patients with breast cancer before start of any anticancer regimen or hormonal therapy. The tissue specimens were processed in Histopathology lab. Sections were immunostained with anti -estrogen receptor (ER) , anti -progesteron receptor (PR) and anti HER2/neu receptor mouse monoclonal antibodies.) Serum HER2/neu was estimated using the chemiluminiscent immunoassay using 15ng/ml as the cut off.
Out of 52 paeu in tissue and the histological grade of the tumor. Findings suggest that post initial tissue diagnosis (IHC HER2/neu), serum HER2 assay may supplement subsequent tissue tests to monitor disease status and response to therapy.
The presence of cancer stem-like cells within tumor microenvironment distinctly governs response to chemo-radiotherapy. The ALDH1 (Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1) has emerged as a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker in various tumors. The aim of the study was to examine the expression of ALDH1 in HNSCC patients undergoing radiotherapy to evaluate its correlation with clinicopathological parameter, treatment response and survival.
Expression of ALDH1 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 90 histopathologically confirmed HNSCC patients and 90 matched controls. The association between ALDH1 expression, clinicopathological parameters and treatment response was determined.
The immunohistochemistry results showed that ALDH1 was consistently expressed in all the HNSCC specimens although at different intensities. On the other hand, control specimens did not show similar expression of ALDH1. ALDH1 expression demonstrated statistically significant association with tumor size (p<0.001), lymph node status (p<0.001), snding regarding the association between ALDH1, cancer prognosis and radioresistance. Our findings suggest that ALDH1, lymph node status, grade and alcohol could be the viable targets for HNSCC and it also provides new prospects for radiotherapy sensitivity in HNSCC.
This study aims to determine the incidence, histology, clinical extent of disease, and trends of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in India.
GI cancer cases diagnosed between 2012-2016 from 28 Population-Based Cancer Registries and 58 Hospital Based Cancer Registries under the National Cancer Registry Programme were included. Crude incidence rate and age-standardized incidence rates (AARs) were calculated. Joinpoint regression program, 4.0.1 was used for trend analysis for data from 1982 to 2016, and a P-value of <<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
GI cancers' occurrence was more common among men (60.5%) than in women (39.5%). The incidence of GI cancer was highest in India's northeast region, Aizawl district (AAR 126.9) among males, and in Papumpare district (AAR 75.9) among females. The commonest cancer among men was cancer of the esophagus (28.2%), followed by stomach cancer (21%) and rectum cancer (14.3%). Among women, cancer of the esophagus (25.7%), gallbladder (23.8%), stomach (14.8%), and rectum (14.6%) were common. Adenocarcinoma (57.83%) was the commonest type of GI tumors, followed by Squamous Cell neoplasms (25.99%). Majority of the GI cancers presented at the locoregional stage, but cancer of the gall bladder and pancreas presented at advanced stages. A rising trend for cancers of the colon, rectum, liver, gall bladder, pancreas was seen, while a declining trend was observed for stomach and oesophageal cancer.
Our study highlights an increasing magnitude of GI cancers across different regions of India. Cancer registries form an essential tool for surveillance of GI cancers thus guiding prevention, early detection, and control programs.
Our study highlights an increasing magnitude of GI cancers across different regions of India. Cancer registries form an essential tool for surveillance of GI cancers thus guiding prevention, early detection, and control programs.
Despite being a cheap, easy, and commonly used technique for screening early development of cervical cancer, collective evidence on the effect of visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) for reducing cervical cancer mortality and incidence are conflicting. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of VIA screening on cervical cancer mortality and incidence.
We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews & Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), World Health Organization's (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and Google Scholar to identify studies conducted among women with no history of cervical cancer that assessed effectiveness of VIA on the cervical cancer mortality and incidence. Random effects model was used to estimate incident rate ratio and sensitivity analysis was conducted using Bayesian methods.
Of the included 4 studies, three were cluster randomized trials from India and one was quasi-experimental study done in Thailand. Duration of follow-up ranged from 7 to 12 years. Based on 3 trials, pooled rate-ratio for cervical cancer mortality and all-cause mortality was 0.68 (95% CI 0.56-0.81, I2=0%) and 0.91 (0.85-0.97, I2=57%), respectively. Pooled rate-ratio of invasive cervical cancer was 0.94 (95% CI 0.67 - 1.30, I2=84%). Likewise, there was non-significant reduction in incidence of stage IB, >=stage II, and unknown stage cervical cancer.
VIA screening may lead to reduction in cervical cancer and all-cause mortality in long run. However, the effectiveness of VIA in preventing invasive cervical cancer is inconclusive.
VIA screening may lead to reduction in cervical cancer and all-cause mortality in long run. MI-503 However, the effectiveness of VIA in preventing invasive cervical cancer is inconclusive.