Increased VLCFAlipids and also ELOVL4 underlie neurodegeneration in frontotemporal dementia

© 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Hot carriers (HCs) and thermal effects, stemming from plasmon decays, are crucial for most plasmonic applications. However, quantifying these two effects remains extremely challenging due to the experimental difficulty in accurately measuring the temperature at reaction sites. Herein, we provide a novel strategy to disentangle HCs from photothermal effects based on the different traits of heat dissipation (long range) and HCs transport (short range), and quantitatively uncover the dominant and potential-dependent role of photothermal effect by investigating the rapid- and slow-response currents in plasmon-mediated electrochemistry at nanostructured Ag electrode. Furthermore, the plasmoelectric surface potential is found to contribute to the rapid-response currents, which is absent in the previous studies. © 2020 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Cell image classification methods are currently being used in numerous applications in cell biology and medicine. Applications include understanding the effects of genes and drugs in screening experiments, understanding the role and subcellular localization of different proteins, as well as diagnosis and prognosis of cancer from images acquired using cytological and histological techniques. The article also reviews three main approaches for cell image classification most often used numerical feature extraction, end-to-end classification with neural networks (NNs), and transport-based morphometry (TBM). In addition, we provide comparisons on four different cell imaging datasets to highlight the relative strength of each method. The results computed using four publicly available datasets show that numerical features tend to carry the best discriminative information for most of the classification tasks. Results also show that NN-based methods produce state-of-the-art results in the dataset that contains a relatively large number of training samples. Data augmentation or the choice of a more recently reported architecture does not necessarily improve the classification performance of NNs in the datasets with limited number of training samples. selleck chemical If understanding and visualization are desired aspects, TBM methods can offer the ability to invert classification functions, and thus can aid in the interpretation of results. These and other comparison outcomes are discussed with the aim of clarifying the advantages and disadvantages of each method. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.Cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury has been attributed to stress signals arising from an impaired mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), which include redox imbalance, metabolic stalling and excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The alternative oxidase (AOX) is a respiratory enzyme, absent in mammals, that accepts electrons from a reduced quinone pool to reduce oxygen to water, thereby restoring electron flux when impaired and, in the process, blunting ROS production. Hence, AOX represents a natural rescue mechanism from respiratory stress. This study aimed to determine how respiratory restoration through xenotopically expressed AOX affects the re-perfused post-ischaemic mouse heart. As expected, AOX supports ETC function and attenuates the ROS load in post-anoxic heart mitochondria. However, post-ischaemic cardiac remodelling over 3 and 9 weeks was not improved. AOX blunted transcript levels of factors known to be up-regulated upon I/R such as the atrial natriuretic peptide (Anp) whilst expression of pro-fibrotic and pro-apoptotic transcripts were increased. Ex vivo analysis revealed contractile failure at nine but not 3 weeks after ischaemia whilst label-free quantitative proteomics identified an increase in proteins promoting adverse extracellular matrix remodelling. Together, this indicates an essential role for ETC-derived signals during cardiac adaptive remodelling and identified ROS as a possible effector. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.PURPOSE Time is the key criterion in the management of non-arteritic central retinal artery occlusion (NA-CRAO). However, the precise onset of vision loss is often difficult to determine. This study aimed to evaluate the temporal changes of retinal thickness in acute NA-CRAO and the potential of this parameter to be used as a surrogate marker to estimate the onset of retinal ischaemia. METHODS Optical coherence tomography was used to continuously assess retinal thickness and oedema progression rate in six porcine eyes. Additionally, a retrospective analysis of 12 patients with acute NA-CRAO was performed to determine association strength and progression rate between retinal thickness and onset of ischaemia. All Optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans (pigs and NA-CRAO patients) were performed within an ischaemic time frame of up to 9 hr. RESULTS Retinal oedema progression rate in pigs was 25.32 µm/hr [CI 95% 24.24-26.40 µm/hr]. Retrospective analysis of the patients revealed a strong correlation between retinal oedema and duration of ischaemia (Spearman's rho = 0.77, p = 0.004) with an estimated progression rate of 10.02 µm/hr [CI 95% 3.30-16.74 µm/hr]. CONCLUSION Retinal thickness increases with oedema formation, and ischaemia onset is strongly correlated with this structural biomarker in both, pigs and NA-CRAO patients. Prospective clinical trials will have to determine the clinical feasibility of retinal thickness measurements as a biomarker to support clinical management of NA-CRAO. © 2020 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.This article describes a procedure for isolating T cell subpopulations using various methods including indirect panning and immunopanning by microarray. In these methods, cells are selected by their capacity to bind to antibody-coated plates (or slides) on the basis of particular cell-surface markers. Such methods can be superior to the antibody/complement lysis method (Alternate Protocol), as they can select additional cell population for analysis. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1 Isolation of T cell populations by indirect panning Basic Protocol 2 Immunopanning with microarray Alternate Protocol Isolation of T cell populations by antibody/complement-mediated cytotoxicity.