LocaRDS Any Localization Research Data Established

curcas extracts such as alkaloids, steroids, tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, courmerin, and phenolic compounds. It also showed the highest density of color in the different parts of plant extract of J. curcas. Similarly, biochemical primary metabolites were observed at maximum amount of biochemical in different parts of J. curcas, and correlated with antimicrobial activity. The study concluded that J. curcas has great potential as antibacterial agent and cure various human pathogens.The effects of a multistrain potential probiotic (Protexin®), acids, and a bacterin from multidrug-resistant E. coli O26, O78, S. Enteritidis (1,9,12 g.m1,7), and S. Typhimurium (1,4,5,12.i.1,2) on the immune response, haematological parameters, cytokines, and growth parameters of broiler chickens challenged with bacterin live serotypes were investigated. Two experiments were designed using 300 one-day-old chicks (Arbor Acres) randomly assigned to 15 groups. The first experiment comprised 9 groups, including positive and negative control groups and other groups received Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.2 ml/SC), either alone or in combination, on the 1st day. The second experiment contained 6 groups, including positive and negative control groups and other groups received a combination of Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.5 ml/SC) on the 8th day. All the groups except the negative control groups were challenged on the 8th and 16th days in both experiments, respectively, with mixed live bacterin serotypes. The groups that received Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin either alone or in combination revealed significant improvements in the immune response to the bacterin (p ≤ 0.05). The groups in the 1st experiment and most the 2nd experiment groups showed a reduced mortality rate and decreased levels IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-12 cytokines (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, these groups demonstrated increases in haematological parameters and reduced rates of infection-caused anaemia. These groups showed significant increases in growth performance parameters, such as body weight, weight gain, and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p ≤ 0.05). There was a beneficial effect on 1-day-old chickens produced by combining Protexin®, acids, and the bacterin (0.2 ml/SC).The rapid expansion of oil palm (OP) has led to its emergence as a commodity of strategic global importance. Palm oil is used extensively in food and as a precursor for biodiesel. The oil generates export earnings and bolsters the economy of many countries, particularly Indonesia and Malaysia. However, oil palms are prone to basal stem rot (BSR) caused by Ganoderma boninense which is the most threatening disease of OP. The current control measures for BSR management including cultural practices, mechanical and chemical treatment have not proved satisfactory. Alternative control measures to overcome the G. boninense problem are focused on the use of biological control agents and many potential bioagents were identified with little proven practical application. Planting OP varieties resistant to G. boninense could provide the ideal long-term solution to basal stem rot. The total resistance of palms to G. boninense has not yet been reported, and few examples of partial resistances have been observed. Importantly, basidiospores are now recognized as the method by which the disease is spread, and control methods require to be revaluated because of this phenomenon. Many methods developed to prevent the spread of the disease effectively are only tested at nursery levels and are only reported in national journals inhibiting the development of useful techniques globally. The initial procedures employed by the fungus to infect the OP require consideration in terms of the physiology of the growth of the fungus and its possible control. This review assesses critically the progress that has been made in BSR development and management in OP.RTTN (Rotatin) (OMIM 614833) is a large centrosomal protein coding gene. RTTN mutations are responsible for syndromic forms of malformation of brain development, leading to polymicrogyria, microcephaly, primordial dwarfism, seizure along with many other malformations. In this study we have identified a compound heterozygous mutation in RTTN gene having NM_173630 c.5225A > G p.His1742Arg in exon 39 and NM_173630 c.6038G > T p.Cys2013Phe in exon 45 of a consanguineous Saudi family leading to brain malformation, seizure, developmental delay, dysmorphic feature and microcephaly. Whole exome sequencing (WES) techniques was used to identify the causative mutation in the affected members of the family. WES data analysis was done and obtained data were further confirmed by using Sanger sequencing analysis. Moreover, the mutation was ruled out in 100 healthy control from normal population. To the best of our knowledge the novel compound heterozygous mutation observed in this study is the first report from Saudi Arabia. The identified compound heterozygous mutation will further explain the role of RTTN gene in development of microcephaly and neurodevelopmental disorders.Common bunt is known to cause grain yield and quality losses in wheat due to bunt ball formation and infestation of the grain. HTH-01-015 cell line The aim of this study is to identify for sources of resistance to common bunt in wheat genotypes using phytopathological and molecular methods. In general, studied 60 Kazakh and foreign wheat genotypes were found 15 samples with the Bt9, Bt8 and Bt11 genes. Carriers of the Bt10 gene include the five varieties. The four resistance genes, Bt8, Bt10, Bt11, Bt9, and Bt10 were identified in the Karasai variety. Phytopathological and molecular screening of Kazakh and foreign wheat genotypes selected 18 with genes for resistance to the disease. According to evaluation on an artificial infection 19 varieties showed an immune type of reaction. These varieties will be used in breeding programs as donors to create resistant varieties against the common bunt. Thus, approaches can reduce the level of fungicides use and the most effective method to control the common bunt.Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a serious health threat worldwide. One of its core enzymes, reverse transcriptase (RT), is a target for HIV inhibition. A number of bioactive compounds have been successfully used for HIV treatment. However, HIV rapidly mutates, and long-term treatment can cause drug-resistant strains. Therefore, new inhibitors are required to overcome this problem. In this study, the aqueous, ethanolic and hexane crude extracts of 19 edible and medicinal mushrooms, which are widely grown and available commercially in Thailand, were screened against HIV-1 RT. The results showed that the water extracts of A. blazei and I. obliquus, the ethanol extracts of I. obliquus and P. igniarius and the hexane extract of I. obliquus exhibited strong anti-HIV-1 RT activity with IC50 values of 1.92 ± 0.15, 4.39 ± 0.79, 6.17 ± 0.76 and 7.75 ± 246 µg/ml, respectively. These mushrooms have the potential for HIV treatment, and further study on identification of the bioactive compounds against HIV-1 RT should be performed.