Lowthreshold 1150nm singlepolarization singlefrequency Ybdoped DFB fibers laserlight

Soil organic matter (SOM) and its fraction play an important role in maintaining and improving soil fertility of paddy field. However, there is still limited information about how SOM fraction response to carbon (C) sequestration with different short-term tillage practices under the double-cropping rice paddy field in southern of China. Therefore, the effects of 5-year short-term tillage treatments on different SOM fractions (physically protected, physico-chemically protected, physico-biochemically protected, chemically protected, biochemically protected, and unprotected) under the double-cropping rice paddy field in southern of China were studied in this paper. The field experiment included four different tillage treatments rotary tillage with crop residue removed as a control (RTO), conventional tillage with crop residue incorporation (CT), rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation (RT), and no-tillage with crop residue retention (NT). The results showed that soil unprotected (cPOM), biochemically (NH-ional tillage and rotary tillage with crop residue incorporation management.The present research work is based on an electrochemical technique in combination with powdered activated carbon (PAC) for the removal of micropollutants by adsorption as an advanced stage purification step from effluents of pilot plant wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). selleck chemical The effluents of sedimentation tank comprised of wastewater plus PAC (WWPAC). The pilot plant mainly consists of two parts the first one consists of electrocoagulation (EC) reactor, and the second consists of electrophoretic deposition (EPD) discs and electroflotation (EF) setup. The electrocoagulation (EC) reactor consisted of the electrode material (Al and Fe). Both types of electrodes have been tested with the outflow of sedimentation tank. The outflow from the sedimentation tank has been entered into the EC reactor for the determination of EC reactor efficacy for the successful accomplishment of EC process at the designed pilot plant for WW treatment. The effect of different operational parameters, PAC dosage (20 mg), electrode nature (Fe and Al) and current density (0.34-2.02 A/m2), has been studied to find out the optimum conditions. Sludge volume index (SVI) of the sludge, thermogravimetric (TG), differential thermal analyses (DTA) and particle size distribution (PSD) of the flocs generated after the EC process has also been studied. The turbidity, pH and conductivity of effluents before and after EC treatment have also been carried out. The research work performed detailed analysis of the wastewater effluents at pilot plant scale and gave promising results for future work in advance wastewater treatment direction.The abatement of SO2 and the utilization of copper tailings are identified as two attention-attracting environmental issues in the copper smelter. In this study, to improve the flue gas desulfurization performance and the utilization of copper tailings, SO2 removal from smelting flue gas by using copper tailings combined with MnSO4·H2O was investigated. The effects of operation variables, including inlet SO2 concentration, absorption temperature, slurry concentration, and MnSO4·H2O amount, on the flue gas desulfurization performance were studied based on the response surface method. It was found that the effect of operation variables on SO2 removal follows the descending order the inlet SO2 concentration, MnSO4·H2O concentration, absorbent temperature, and solid-liquid ratio. The interaction between the inlet SO2 concentration and MnSO4·H2O concentration is an important factor for breakthrough sulfur capacity. Elevated temperature and high initial SO2 concentration inhibited the efficient removal of SO2. Moreover, a proposed equation exhibits good consistency in the prediction for the breakthrough sulfur dioxide capacity. Therefore, the results can provide a reliable reference and basis for industrial application for flue gas desulfurization with copper tailings.The importance of astrocytes in behavior control is increasingly appreciated, but little is known about the effects of their dynamic activity in regulating learning and memory. In the present study, we constructed AAVs of photoactivatable and photoinactivatable Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) under the mGFAP promoter, which enabled the manipulation of Rac1 activity in astrocytes by optical stimulation in free-moving mice. We found that both up-regulation and down-regulation of astrocytic Rac1 activity in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) attenuated memory acquisition in a fear conditioning mouse model. Meanwhile, neuronal activation in the BLA induced by memory acquisition was inhibited under both the up- and down-regulation of astrocytic Rac1 activity during training. In terms of the impact on fear memory retrieval, we found both up- and down-regulation of BLA astrocytic Rac1 activity impaired memory retrieval of fear conditioning and memory retrieval-induced neuronal activation. Notably, the effect of astrocytic Rac1 on memory retrieval was reversible. Our results demonstrate that the normal activity of astrocytic Rac1 is necessary for the activation of neurons and memory formation. Both activation and inactivation of astrocytic Rac1 activity in the BLA reduced the excitability of neurons, and thereby impaired fear memory acquisition and retrieval.Classic hypothalamic-pituitary-end-organ feedback loops - the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA), hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroidal axis (HPTA), and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPGA) - are associated with the neuroendocrine and immune systems in major depressive disorder (MDD). Female patients with MDD present with evident neuroendocrine and immunological changes. Glucocorticoid, thyroid hormone, and reproductive steroid levels fluctuate with menstrual cycles, which might lead to glucocorticoid receptor resistance, impairment of triiodothyronine conversion, and sex hormone secretion disorders. In this review, we summarize the independent and interactive functions of these three axes in female MDD patients. The similar molecular structure of steroids implies an interrelationship between the hypothalamic-pituitary-end-organ axes and the competitive inhibitory effects at the receptor level, especially when considering the HPAA and HPGA.