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In the US alone, 22 million individuals suffer from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), with 80% of the cases symptoms undiagnosed. Hence, there is an unmet need to continuously and unobtrusively monitor respiration and detect possible occurrences of apnea. Recent advancements in wearable biomedical technology can enable the capture of the periodicity of the heart pressure pulse from a wrist-worn device. In this paper, we propose a bio-impedance (Bio-Z)-based respiration monitoring system. We establish close contact with the skin using gold e-tattoos with a 35 mm by 5 mm active sensing area. Dihexa We extracted the respiration from the wrist Bio-Z signal leveraging three different techniques and showed that we can detect the start of each respiration beat with an average root mean square error (RMSE) less than 13% and mean error of 0.3% over five subjects.Bioimpedance monitoring provides a non-invasive, safe and affordable opportunity to monitor total body water for a wide range of clinical applications. However, the measurement is susceptible to variations in posture and movement. Existing devices do not account for these variations and are therefore unsuitable to perform continuous measurements to depict trend changes. We developed a wearable bioimpedance monitoring system with embedded real-time posture detection using a distributed accelerometer network. We tested the device on 14 healthy volunteers following a standardized protocol of posture change and evaluated the agreement with a commercial device. The impedance showed a high correlation (r>0.98), a bias of -4.5 Ω, and limits of agreement of -30 and 21 Ω. Context-awareness was achieved with an accuracy of 94.6% by classifying data from two accelerometers placed at the upper and lower leg. The calculated current consumption of the system was as low as 10 mA during continuous measurement operation, suggesting that the system can be used for continuous measurements over multiple days without charging. The proposed motion-aware design will enable the measurement of relevant bioimpedance parameters over long periods and support informed clinical decision making.Remote monitoring of fluid status via calf bioimpedance measurements could improve the experience of patients with congestive heart failure and reduce readmission rates. Most measurements today use conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes and a short inter-electrode spacing, resulting in current flowing primarily near the electrodes, preventing deeper current penetration and in turn accurate volume estimation. Textile band electrodes may more evenly distribute current throughout the calf. In the present study, simulations were conducted to investigate the impact of inter-electrode spacing/placement and fat tissue on bioimpedance using both Ag/AgCl electrodes and textile band electrodes. Simulation results showed that increasing the inter-electrode spacing can improve current distribution in the tissue, but there are still errors that increase with fat thickness (14.3% error at 10 cm spacing down to 1.7% error at 20 cm spacing for a "nominal" fat thickness, vs. -0.3% and -0.5% error for band electrodes). Band electrodes most closely matched the expected resistance and seem the most suitable regardless of inter-electrode spacing.Surgical drilling to fixate dental implants is associated with high risk of injury to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) and the maxillary sinus. Current common practice is to use pre-operative radiographs to plan and drill with no real-time feedback of drill tip position with respect to these critical structures. Real-time proximity sensing of the IAN and maxillary sinus by measuring the electrical impedance properties of tissues, directly from the drill tip, while drilling may reduce and eventually eliminate this risk. Sensing impedance to detect tissue boundaries needs sensor geometry optimization for maximum detection distance. We have created a finite element method (FEM) based simulation platform that yields accurately impedances for different conductivities, frequencies and sensor geometries.Low electrode-skin impedance can be achieved if the interface has an electrolytic medium that allows the movement of ions across the interface. Maintaining good physical contact of the sensor with the skin is imperative. We propose a novel hydrophilic conductive sponge interface that encapsulates both of these fundamental concepts into an effective physical realization. Our implementation uses a hydrophilic polyurethane prepolymer doped with conductive carbon nanofibers and cured to form a flexible sponge material that conforms to uneven surfaces, for instance, on parts of the scalp with hair. Our results show that our sponges are able to stay in a hydrated state with a low electrode-skin impedance of around 5kΩ for more than 20 hours. The novelty in our conductive sponges also lies in their versatility the carbon nanofibers make the electrode effective even when the electrode dries up. The sensors remain conductive with a skin impedance on the order of 20kΩ when dry, which is substantially lower than typical impedance of dry electrodes, and are able to extract alpha wave EEG activity in both wet and dry conditions.The assessment of lower limb oedema almost always involves measuring leg volume, and the gold-standard for this is the water displacement technique. As it is not very practical to use in a clinical routine, physicians prefer indirect methods such as anthropometric or bioimpedance measurements. In the case of "non-pitting" leg oedema, i.e. where the presence of oedema is not obvious, it may be challenging to estimate changes in leg volume using these methods separately. The combination of these two methods, however, gives interesting results, such as a new composite parameter that is much more robust and efficient than commonly used parameters.Clinical Relevance- This study demonstrates the benefit of using a composite anthropometric-impedimetric parameter to predict water displacement variations in the leg over the course of a day, rather than using parameters based solely on anthropometry or impedance. Our new parameter (C²-A²)/R0 showed a robust r² value of 61%, which is more than twice the r² values obtained using other simple or composite parameters.