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Heat stress (HS) reduces reproductive performance of cattle, possibly by disrupting endocrine regulation such as prostaglandin (PG) production from uterus and estradiol 17β production from the dominant follicle. Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) secretion from endometrium surges during the luteal phase due to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α stimulation and a positive-feedback loop with oxytocin (OT) from the corpus luteum, ultimately triggering luteolysis, while interferon τ (IFNT) inhibits upregulation of PGF2α production by TNFα and OT, thereby preventing luteolysis and triggering recognition of pregnancy. In the present study, we investigated the effect of OT, TNFα, and IFNT on PGF2α production in both types of endometrial cells under HS conditions. Stimulation of PGF2α production in endometrial epithelial cells by OT was unaffected by HS, while stimulation of PGF2α production in endometrial stromal cells by TNFα was enhanced by HS, and this increased PGF2α production was not significantly suppressed by IFNT. These results suggest that HS disrupted the regulation of PGF2α production by TNFα and IFNT in bovine endometrial stromal cells and it might be one of causes for low conception rate of cattle in summer.
The lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic had a strong impact on daily habits, emotional experience, mental health and sleep. A large body of evidence suggests that dreams are affected by both waking experiences and sleep pattern. In this view, the lockdown should have induced intense modifications in dreaming activity. The aim of the study was to assess dream features during the lockdown in Italy.
We used an online survey to collect self-reported demographic, clinical, sleep and dream data. Our sample included 1091 participants.
Results point to an increased dream frequency, emotional load, vividness, bizarreness and length during the lockdown, compared to a pre-lockdown period. Higher dream frequency and specific qualitative features were found in females and subjects with poor sleep quality, nocturnal disruptive behaviours and depressive symptoms. Most of the dream features assessed during the lockdown were predicted by age, gender, depressive symptoms, presence/absence of other people at home, and territorial area. A specific focus on sleep features revealed that sleep duration and several sleep quality indexes were the best predictors of dream variables. During the lockdown, dreams were also characterized by increased negative emotions, which were particularly frequent in females, younger adults, and participants with poor sleep quality, nocturnal disruptive behaviours, anxiety and depressive symptoms.
Our results confirm the hypothesis of a strong influence of the pandemic on dreaming, supporting both the hypothesis of continuity between wake and sleep mental processes and the view of a crucial influence of sleep quality and duration on dreaming activity.
Our results confirm the hypothesis of a strong influence of the pandemic on dreaming, supporting both the hypothesis of continuity between wake and sleep mental processes and the view of a crucial influence of sleep quality and duration on dreaming activity.In the US, American Indian and Alaskan Native people experience higher rates of violence than all other ethnicities. K03861 The purpose of the present research has been to investigate the MMIW crisis, determine the cities with the highest rates of MMIW, and to begin an initial investigation into the root causes for this national crisis. In the present study, missing persons data was analyzed from the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs), the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), and from data collected and published in a report produced by the Urban Indian Health Institute (UIHI). Additionally, unidentified persons data was analyzed from NamUs, and data regarding murder cases of indigenous women was analyzed from the UIHI report. Locations with the highest rates of MMIW cases in the country were identified as potential "hot spots". Following the analysis, a total of 23 locations were determined to be "hot spots" for MMIW cases. Of these 23 locations, five were identified as being of the highest priority for intervention due to their disproportionately high rates of MMIW cases. Furthermore, hydraulic fracking across the US seems to be a likely contributing factor in the rate of MMIW cases in nine to 16 of the identified "hot spots". Currently in the US, despite a national movement to raise awareness to the MMIW crisis, there has yet to be any direct actions taken by the federal government to address this issue. The present study has served to identify the primary "hot spots" for MMIW cases and has isolated some key contributing factors to this national problem. In order to most holistically address this issue, actions need to be taken at both the local and federal levels.Three unrelated girls, all born to consanguineous parents had respiratory distress, severe hypotonia at birth along with prominent fatigable muscle weakness and characteristic myopathic facies. In addition, patient 1 had fatigable ptosis, ophthalmoparesis and profound bulbar weakness and required nasogastric feeding from birth. A feeding gastrostomy was inserted at 9 months of age. She continued to have severe bulbar and limb weakness with dropped head at 5 years of age. Patient 2 and 3 did not have ocular signs at the time of initial presentation during infancy and at 2 years of age respectively. None of the patients attained independent walking. Patient 3, currently aged 16 years continues to be wheelchair bound and has only mild non-progressive bulbar weakness with normal cognitive development. Muscle biopsy in patient 1 and 3 showed predominant myopathic features admixed with small sized (atrophic/hypoplastic) fibres. Next generation sequencing confirmed the presence of a homozygous loss of function VAMP1 mutations in all three patients A single nucleotide deletion resulting in frameshift c.66delT (p.Gly23AlafsTer6) in patient 1 and nonsense mutations c.202C>T (pArg68Ter) and c.97C>T (p.Arg33Ter) in patient 2 and 3 respectively. Minimal but definite improvement in muscle power with pyridostigmine was reported in patients 1 and 2. This is the first report of VAMP1 mutations causing CMS from the Indian subcontinent, describing a clinically recognizable severe form of VAMP1-related CMS and highlighting the need for a strong index of suspicion for early genetic diagnosis of potentially treatable CMS phenotypes.