Review and also Evaluation of Neurological Three dimensional Shape Distinction Methods

PURPOSE To compare the visual quality after surgery of femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (Femto-LASIK) and transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TransPRK) in low and moderate myopia patients. METHODS A prospective controlled study was performed on 114 eyes of 62 patients with low to moderate myopia, including 64 eyes of 36 cases in Femto-LASIK group and 50 eyes of 26 cases in TransPRK group. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), residual spherical equivalent (SE), wavefront aberration and contrast sensitivity were examined and analyses preoperatively, 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. RESULTS The UCVA over 0.8 was 100% in two groups at 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Femto-LASIK group (96.49%) had a higher percentage than TransPRK group (67.39%) of UCVA over 1.0 at 1 month postoperatively (p  0.05). buy SD-208 CONCLUSION Femto-LASIK had a higher increase in whole eye higher-order aberrations and contrast sensitivity than TransPRK at 1 month postoperatively, but they were similar at 3 months postoperatively in low and moderate myopia patients.PURPOSE To define diurnal changes in anterior segment parameters of keratoconus patients by using Scheimpflug imaging. METHODS All keratoconus patients had corneal topography measurements 3 times a day (around 0900 AM, 1300 PM and 1700 PM) by the same experienced operator. Three consecutive scans in each measurement session were obtained. The average of three measurements was used for analysis. A repeated measures analysis of variance with one within-subject factor (time of day) was carried out to assess diurnal variation. RESULTS This study included 26 eyes of 26 patients with keratoconus. Significant diurnal variation was found in CCT and TCT measurements (P  less then  0.01, and P  less then  0.01, respectively). The mean amplitudes of change in CCT and TCT were 4.2 ± 1 µm (95% CI 1.7-6.8 µm) and 4.1 ± 1.1 µm (95% CI 1.2-8.0 µm), while the mean of CCT and TCT were 462.4 ± 34.5 µm (95% CI 448.4-476.6 µm) and 452.9 ± 6.6 µm (95% CI 439.3-466.5 µm), respectively. The maximum value and the lowest value were observed at 0900 AM and at 1700 PM, respectively. Other parameters except CCT and TCT did not show diurnal variation. CONCLUSION Statistically significant but clinically insignificant diurnal variation in CCT and TCT measurements of the keratoconus patients were detected over an 8-hour period (0900 AM-1700 PM).PURPOSE To assess topographic findings, anterior segment parameters and high-order aberrations (HOAs) by using corneal tomography in children with 2 diopters (dp) or more astigmatism. METHODS Children with 2 dp or more astigmatism (study group) and children with astigmatism less than 1 dp (control group) were recruited. Corneal astigmatism, mean, steep, flat keratometry (K) findings, anterior and posterior K results and anterior segment parameters including anterior chamber depth, kappa distance, horizontal corneal diameter, mean, central, middle, peripheral corneal thicknesses (CT), white-to-white (WTW) distance and pupil diameter were measured by Galilei G4 Dual Scheimpflug corneal tomography. HOAs were also assessed and compared between groups. RESULTS Fifty-eight eyes of 37 children in the study group and 37 eyes of 37 children in the control group were enrolled. The mean ages of groups were 9.7 ± 2.4 years and 9.3 ± 1.6 years in study and control groups, respectively. The mean astigmatism was 3.3 ± 1.1 dp and 0.5 ± 0.3 dp in study and control groups, respectively (p  less then  0.05). Total corneal astigmatism was 3.3 ± 0.84 dp and 1.14 ± 0.47 dp in study and control groups, respectively (p  less then  0.05). There was a significant difference between groups in terms of posterior steep K and posterior astigmatism values. Among anterior segment parameters, mean CT and WTW values were statistically different between groups. HOAs were found to be statistically different between groups. CONCLUSION Higher posterior corneal astigmatism, thinner mean CT and lower WTW distance were found in children with 2 dp or more astigmatism. Besides, HOAs were much more in these astigmatic children.AIM To evaluate the visual outcomes of the patients who had undergone sutureless scleral fixated IOL implantation operation in which a new modified Yamane technique called flattened flanged intrascleral intraocular lens fixation technique was applied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two eyes of 42 patients who had undergone scleral IOL fixation operation with Yamane technique comprised Group 1. The mean age of this group was 60.24 ± 14.3 (20-77) years. Out of 42 patients, 25 of them (60%) were males and 17 of them (40%) were females. Forty-three eyes of 43 patients who had undergone scleral IOL fixation operation with flattened flange technique comprised Group 2. The mean age of this group was 55.35 ± 15.77 (18-79) years. Out of 43 patients, 23 (53.4%) of them were males and 20 (46.6%) were females. RESULTS There were no significant differences between two groups in respect to mean preoperative UCVA, postoperative UCVA, preoperative BCVA, and postoperative BCVA (p values 0.35, 0.11, 0.28, and 0.16, respectively). The mean postoperative UCVA and preoperative BCVA were significantly higher than those of preoperative values in both groups (p  less then  0.05). Intraoperative haptic sliding occurred in three eyes (7%) in the first group, and there was no intraoperative haptic sliding in the second group (0%) (p = 0.05). Postoperative IOL dislocation occurred in one eye (2.5%) in the first group, and there was no postoperative IOL dislocation in the second group (0%) (p = 0.32). CONCLUSION In conclusion, this technique does not require sutures, decreases intraoperative haptic sliding, may provide more IOL stability and less tilt, and facilitates the implantation of the second haptic. For long-term results, further studies should be conducted.Speech-language pathology and special education graduate student teams participated in an intensive summer practicum for social communication skills with children with autism spectrum disorders, utilizing a transdisciplinary approach that aligned to the frameworks utilized for implementation science. Questionnaires measuring transdisciplinary approach knowledge and comfort level were administered pre/post-practicum. Results of the questionnaires, written daily team reflections, course evaluations, and a focus group interview indicated an increase in all measures, including an increased knowledge of TA, increased understanding and comfort level with the other discipline, and a higher level of confidence and openness in working collaboratively utilizing a transdisciplinary approach.