Root dynamic expansion strategies in response to salinity

Results The best model, constructed by confounding factors and texture features, reached an average AUC of 0.752 in the training cohort. Our proposed semi-automatic segmentation method was more time-effective than manual segmentation, with average saving-time of 11.2333 ± 6.3989 minutes and 9.9889 ±5.5086 minutes in the testing cohort and the independent validation cohort, respectively (both p less then 0.05). The predictive ability of the semi-automatic segmentation was also better than that of the manual segmentation both in the testing cohort and the independent validation cohort (AUC 0.728 vs. 0.687 and 0.828 vs. 0.749, respectively). Conclusion DECT delta radiomics serves as a promising biomarker for predicting chemotherapeutic response for far-advanced GC. #link# Semi-automatic segmentation based on deep learning shows the potential for clinical use with increased reproducibility and decreased labor costs compared to the manual version.Gefitinib, a first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI), is recommended for treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients who harbor activating EGFR mutations. However, the tumors of most patients initially sensitive to gefitinib will develop resistance within several months of therapy. Drug resistance is a major obstacle to NSCLC treatment. The novel glutathione transferase P1 (GSTPi) inhibitor 6-(7-nitro-2, 1, 3-benzoxadiazol-4-ylthio) hexanol (NBDHEX) has recently been shown to be active against tumors. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of NBDHEX against NSCLC. Treatment with NBDHEX inhibited GSTpi enzymatic activity and promoted apoptosis of gefinitb-resistant NSCLC cells. Moreover, NBDHEX reduced tumor growth in mice. CP-91149 chemical structure indicated that NBDHEX is a good candidate for treatment of NSCLC patients, and that NBDHEX offers a new approach to cancer therapy.Introduction The penetration of chemotherapeutic drugs into peritoneal nodules remains at levels well below 1 mm, thus significantly limiting the antitumor effect of intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC). Recently, high-Intensity ultrasound (HIUS) has been discovered as a potential tool to significantly improve peritoneal diffusion rates. Despite promising preliminary data, basic aspects regarding its technical feasibility, safety and possible limitations remain unclear. This study aims to enhance our current understanding of HIUS and test its applicability using an ex-vivo swine model. Methods Three postmortem swine were subject to laparotomy and consecutive lavage with 0.9%NaCl saline and HIUS application. For this purpose, a large HIUS radiating pen was introduced into the abdominal cavity and HIUS was applied on two of the four abdominal quadrants for 300 seconds each at an output power of 70 W, 50 % amplitude and 20 kHz frequency. Following the procedure, small intestinal tissue samples were retrieved for further analyses. Results Peritoneal and subperitoneal layers showed structural changes only visible on a microscopic level. The peritoneal layer was transformed into a mesh-like structure while the subperitoneal layer (depth of 142 +/- 28 µm) exhibited microcavities and vascular detachment from surrounding tissues. No bowel rupture or vascular perforations were observed. Conclusions Our data indicate that HIUS is a technically feasible and safe add-on procedure for intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) with measurable microscopic changes on the peritoneal surface. Pretreatment of the abdominal cavity with HIUS could significantly improve IPC efficacy. Further studies are required to optimize and evaluate this novel approach.Purpose To investigate the effect of bone metastasis (BM) on survival outcomes in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) treated with first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) by performing propensity-score matching (PSM) analysis. Materials & Methods We retrospectively reviewed 1,151 patients with mRCC who were treated with first-line TKI from December 2006 to September 2016. After excluding 135 patients, 1,016 patients with mRCC were finally analyzed. The primary and secondary end points were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS), respectively. After 11 PSM analysis, survival outcomes were compared between patients with BM (n=237) and without BM (n=237). Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine predictors of survival. Results Among 1,016 total patients, 27.5% (n=279) had BM. Before PSM, patients with BM had worse OS outcomes than those without BM. Even after PSM, OS was significantly poorer in patients with BM compared to those without BM. Of note, the presence of BM was identified as an independent predictor of OS (HR=1.36), in addition to prior nephrectomy, sarcomatoid differentiation, and IMDC risk group. However, there were no differences in PFS according to the presence of BM after PSM. In the subgroup analysis, only intermediate IMDC risk group showed significant differences in OS according to the presence of BM. Conclusion Based on PSM analysis, the presence of BM negatively affected OS outcomes in patients with mRCC treated with first-line TKI, particularly in the IMDC intermediate risk group.The presence of Lymph node metastasis with extranodal extension (ENE) is considered to be an important adverse prognostic factor for survival in patients with head and neck cancer. link2 The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of ENE in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Three hundred and fifty-five patients with LSCC who underwent surgical resection and neck dissection were included. The status of cervical lymph node was classified into three groups pathological negative nodal (pN-), pathological positive nodal without ENE (ENE-), and pathological positive nodal with ENE (ENE+). A total of 85 of 355 (23.9%) LSCC were pathological nodal positive, and ENE was detected in 22/355 (6.2%) patients. ENE was associated with drinking (p=0.005), T stage (p=0.000), tumor location (p=0.000), and differentiation degree (p=0.000). The number of lymph node metastasis in ENE+ group was associated with almost twice compared to ENE- group (p=0.005). The 5-year overall survival rates for patients in the pN-, ENE-, and ENE+ groups were 86.4±2.6%, 75.9±6.3%, and 53.7±12.7%, respectively (p=0.000). After adjusting for confounding variables, ENE+ was associated with more than five times the hazard of death than pN- cases (p=0.000), and more than twice the hazard of death than ENE- cases (p=0.036). Compared to N2-3/ENE- cases, N2-3/ENE+ cases had the poorest survival rate (p=0.013). ENE+ was associated with worse outcomes compared to pN - or ENE- status. ENE is an independent prognostic factor in LSCC, and could be an indicator of the need for adjuvant treatment.Aims To evaluate anti-tumour effects and mechanism of novel BF-30 derivative via cell-based assays and melanoma-bearing model mice. Main methods BF-30 derivatives were designed by fusing heptapeptide-palmitic tags to native BF-30 via a protease-cleavable linker and prepared by F-moc solid-phase synthesis. Albumin binding affinity test and in vitro control-released assay were performed to screen these BF-30 derivatives and explore the mechanism of anti-tumour effects. The selected BF-30 derivative was further subjected to the preclinical efficacy study and chronic evaluation of anti-tumour effects melanoma-bearing model mice. Key findings Twenty-one BF-30 derivatives, termed LBF-1 to LBF-21, were obtained with high purity and accurate molecular weight. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements, plasma stability test and in vitro control-released assay all showed that LBF-14 exerted better druggability compared with the others. Moreover, LBF-14 was proved to inhibit the proliferation of B16F10 melanoma cell by disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane and binding to genomic DNA to prevent transcription. Furthermore, half-life of intact LBF-14 and released BF-30 in rhesus monkeys were approximately 120.9 h and 136.4 h, respectively, after a single subcutaneous injection of 0.9 mg/kg LBF-14. In addition, chronic treatment of LBF-14 significantly suppressed melanoma growth and improved the survival rate of B16F10-bearing mice with the observed inhibition of 63.5% for 0.3mg/kg and 91.5% for 0.9 mg/kg. Furthermore, results of H&E staining prove that chronic treatment of LBF-30 effectively suppressed metastasis and invasion of B16F10 cells. Significance LBF-14 holds potential to be developed as a promising once-weekly candidate for the treatment of malignant melanoma.Background IgA antibodies against Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (VCA) and nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) have been proposed to facilitate the diagnosis and early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in high-incidence regions. However, while new methodologies and new platforms for the detection of VCA-IgA and EBNA1-IgA have become available, proper interassay simultaneous comparisons have not been carried out. The study was to compare the performance of the chemiluminescent immunoassays (CLIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for VCA-IgA and EBNA1-IgA antibodies, and to evaluate the levels of EBV antibodies in healthy population from different areas of China. Methods CLIA and ELISA for VCA-IgA and EBNA1-IgA were performed in NPC and healthy populations from high-incidence areas of NPC in South China (N=555), medium-incidence areas of NPC in Central China (N=318) and low-incidence areas of NPC in North China (N=379), and the results were compared and analyzed. Results (1) The highest seity for NPC-risk screening and requires further analysis.Purpose To identify novel radiological features and clinical characteristics to improve diagnostic criteria for early detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Patients and Methods We retrospectively recruited asymptomatic patients with no history of HCC but a high risk of HCC in whom a new, solitary, well-defined, solid nodule between 10 and 20 mm was detected through a screening ultrasound. We retrospectively collected all clinical data, and patients were examined using dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging; subsequently, fine-needle biopsy was performed. A multivariate analysis of the predictors of small HCCs was performed by fitting a multiple logistic regression model with the stepwise variable selection method. Results In total, 392 and 347 patients with a small liver nodule received a final pathologic confirmation of HCC and non-HCC, respectively. The estimated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of tumor size > 12.45 mm, age > 56.61 years, liver cirrs.Objectives Immunologic dysfunction occurred in most of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which worsened the overall survival (OS) of patients. Complement activation plays a significant role in abnormal activation of immune system. However, the prognostic value of complement components such as CH50 and sC5b-9 in NSCLC patients remains unclear. This study evaluated the risk factors of NSCLC and created a prediction model. Methods A real-world study was conducted including data from 928 patients with NSCLC between April 1, 2005 and June 1, 2015. CH50 and sC5b-9 were recorded during the admission. link3 Cox proportional hazard model was applied for survival analyses and for assessing risk factors of cancer-related mortality and to create a nomogram for prediction. The accuracy of the model was evaluated by C-index and calibration curve. Results In this study, the mortality in group with high CH50 level (≥ 480.56 umol/L) was 92.0%. Based on univariate analysis, we put factors (P 1422.18 μmol/L (P less then 0.