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The work aimed to enhance the extraction of wheat germ polysaccharides (WGPs) by hydrothermal treatment and identify the structural properties of WGPs. Results showed that the extraction yield of crude WGPs reached 18.72% after steam explosion. A homogeneous polysaccharide fraction (steam explosion wheat germ polysaccharides, SEWGPs) was also released and purified by DEAE-cellulose-52 separation and Sephacryl S-500 HR gel filtration with a yield of 3.84%. The SEWGPs had an average molecular weight of 3.34 × 106 Da and was composed of glucose (32.62%), arabinose (28.27%), xylose (27.71%), and galactose (11.40%). Methylation and nuclear magnetic resonance results indicated that the main linkages of the SEWGPs contained →4)-α-D-Glcp(1→3)-β-D-Xylp(1→3)-α-L-Arap(1→4)-α- D-Glcp(1→3)-α-L-Arap(1→ or →3)-β-D-Xylp(1→4)-α-D-Glcp(1→3)-α-L-Arap(1→ 4)-α-D-Glcp(1→3)-α-L-Arap(1→, and the side chains were α-D- Galp(1→ and β-D-Xylp(1→ linked at the C6-position of →4,6)-α-D-Glcp(1→, respectively. Therefore, the steam explosion facilitated the detection of a more structural nature of WGPs and provided the industrial potential of WGPs as functional ingredients for food-making.Thermal degradation kinetics was performed on thermogravimetric (TGA) curves of crosslinked PVA/starch composite films reinforced with barley husk (BH) and grafted BH (using lauric acid) obtained by heating samples in an inert atmosphere with different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min). The activation energy for composite films was determined using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Friedman (FR) and modified Coasts Redfern (CR) methods. The results showed that activation energy for thermal degradation of grafted BH composite film was higher than of BH. Incorporation of grafted BH into crosslinked PVA/starch matrix improved the mechanical performance of the films compared to BH and showed 30 % increase in tensile strength after reinforcement. Grafted BH composite films showed higher barrier properties for light, water vapor and oxygen as required for packaging applications. Biodegradability of the films improved significantly after incorporation of BH into the polymer matrix and showed 70 % degradation after 180 days.The objective of this work was to prepare functionalized cellulose fiber from sugar cane leaf (SCF) used to produce novel biomaterial. learn more The SCF was treated with chloroacetic acid and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to produce a modified cellulose fibre (MSCF). At higher MSCF loading, a greater porous density was observed under SEM. The addition of MSCF improved, the water resistance of the cured PVA/MSCF in both acid and base media through chemical reactions. The moisture absorption and moisture content of the cured PVA/MSCF film increased as the loading increased MSCF. Tg of the cured PVA/MSCF showed a clear decrease that was attributed to the greater molecular weight and softness of the molecular chains. The cured PVA/MSCF showed good MB absorption from wastewater. The improvement in biodegradability of the cured PVA/MSCF film may make it a candidate material for use in environmentally-sensitive applications.A printable nanocomposite hydrogel was fabricated with intercalation of alginate into clay galleries followed by irradiation crosslinking graft copolymerization acrylic acid to remove inorganic micropollutants from wastewater. In this regard, nanocomposite-based ink was treated by electron beam irradiation (5-60 kGy), and then irradiated inks were printed using an extrusion-based printer. Structural investigates showed that ink suspension formed a crosslinked network upon irradiation, which could preserve its shape during printing and maintain 3D printed architecture. No additional post-print crosslinking was required due to the formation of free radical and remaining in printed hydrogels as shown by electron spin resonance. Printed hydrogels treated with 5 and 60 kGy irradiation experienced instrumental changes, while functional properties of 15-45 kGy irradiated samples were unaffected upon printing. Losing crystallinity and thermal instability of hydrogels after printing were inhibited through irradiation crosslinking. Metal ion adsorption capacity showed that crosslinked printed hydrogels effectively removed heavy metal ions with high-capacity and fast-responsive. Moreover, metal ions adsorption by printed hydrogels was not selective, thus they can be used to remove various metal ion pollutants from wastewater.Lotus rhizomes were used to study on the relationship between the cell wall polysaccharides and cooked texture by adding acetic acid. Hardness and scanning electron microscopy results showed that acetic acid treatment can maintain higher hardness and the integrity of the cell wall. Then, the cell walls were sequentially extracted and divided into water-soluble fraction, chelate-soluble fraction (CSF), sodium carbonate-soluble fraction and hemicellulose fraction. The pectin fraction contents, monosaccharides composition, esterification degree and sugar ratios in different groups were evaluated, the results showed that acetic acid increased the total amount of CSF, decreased the esterification degree and less side chain compared that in the solely thermal treatment group. The nanostructures showed that acetic acid treatment maintained longer chain and destroy helical structure of CSF backbone. This work helps us to demonstrate the relationship between polysaccharides structure and cooked texture, and further control the plant-based vegetables processing texture in food industry.In this study, Eichhornia crassipes (EC) was exposed to Chemical modification using citric acid to enhancement adsorption capacity and form Modified Nano Cellulose Crystalline (MNCC) powders and comparison study was performed to remove two different dyes as Reactive blue 21 (RB21) and Crystal violet (CV). Characterization of MNCC was investigated by X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Dynamic Light Scatting (DLS) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and results, prove that MNCC is in Nano scale and has crystalline structure as well as ester form. Examine parameters such as adsorbent dose (0.1-1.00 g/40 mL), initial pH (1-10), contact time (5-120 min) and initial concentration dyes (5-10 ppm). Among the three isotherm models (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin), the equilibrium adsorption confirmed and fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic study showed agreement the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Intraparticle diffusion model.