Stochastic NavierStokes Equations over a Slim Spherical Area

05). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that, contrary to male soccer, the initial heart rates, induced by different modes of warming-up, do not affect the overall performance while testing RSA in women's soccer players.BACKGROUND Whether high-or-low intensity exercise coupled with neuromuscular electrostimulation (NMES) affect IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 is unknown. The scope of this study was to test whether 8-week High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and Continuous Aerobic Training (CA) combined with/without NMES performed at 65% and 120% of VO2max on a cycle ergometer induce different metabolic adaptations. METHODS A randomized controlled trial with a parallel groups study design was used. Thirty healthy untrained male participants (age21.33±1.24years, height177.80±5.97cm, weight73.74±7.90kg, lean body mass64.29±5.11kg, percent body fat12.43±5.34%) voluntarily participated in this study. Six participants were allocated to Control, 6 to HIIT, 6 to HIIT+NMES, 6 to CA, and 6 to CA+NMES. RESULTS Pre- to post-test IVO2max, blood lactate concentrations, O2 kinetics, peak torques at 60o/s and 180o/s were found statistically significant (p less then 0.05, p less then 0.001). IGF-1 pre 15 min in CA and IGF-1 post 30 min in HIIT group was found significantly higher compared to control group (16.93±8.40 vs 6.05±4.25, p=0.024; 10.80±3.94 vs 6.15±2.56, p=0.037), respectively. Additionally, IGFBP-1 were found significantly higher in CA+NMES group than HIIT group (0.95±0.67 vs. 1.23±0.56). Eight week post IGF-1/IGFBP-1 ratios were found higher in pre 15 min, post 30 min and post 24 h compared to baseline pre 15 min, post 30 min and post 24 h measurements in all groups (8.92±4.72 vs 3.93±3.14; 9.41±3.72 vs 3.99±1.76; 8.63±3.01 vs 5.89±3.01), respectively. Also, IGFBP-1 post 30min was significantly lower in HIIT+NMES while CA group showed significantly lower baseline and 24h post IGFBP-1 compared to pre- test measurements (Z= -3.20, p=0.001; Z= -3.72, p=0.000; Z= -2.93, p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS HIIT and CA training induce different stimuli on IGF-1 and IGFBP-1 and NMES application combined with high-and-low intensity exercise is highly effective in improving athletic performance.BACKGROUND Varicose veins recurrence rate remained almost unchanged despite the constant technological advancement in its treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the variable accessory saphenous vein (ASV) anatomy at the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) as a possible risk factor for recurrent varicose vein (RVV) after great saphenous vein (GSV) radiofrequency thermal ablation (RTA). METHODS Two-hundred consecutive patients affected by chronic venous disease (mean age 52.4±10.3 years; 187 women; CEAP 2-6; 25.2±1.4), underwent to RTA from 2014 to 2016, at our Institute. Preoperatively all patients underwent duplex-ultrasound scanning, reporting the anatomical site, extention of reflux and the ASV anatomy at the SFJ. Duplex ultrasound and physical examination was performed post-operatively at 1, 6 and 12 months, and yearly after. RESULTS Patients were divided in two groups based on the anatomical site of reflux group A (n=187) including GSV and SFJ, group B (n=82) including SFJ reflux. There was no preoperative statistical difference between the two groups. At a mean follow-up of 29.7±2.4 months, a freedom from recurrent varicose vein and GSV recanalization was 100% and 100% at 1-month, 95.9% and 99.1% at 1-year, 93.7% and 96.7% at 3-year, respectively. An higher rate of RVV was documented for patients in group A at 3-year of follow-up (p=.042). Cox regression analysis found, among five potential predictors of outcome, that direct confluence of ASV in SFJ (HR 1.561; 95% CI 1.0-7.04; p= .032) was a negative predictors of 1-year RVV. CONCLUSIONS Sapheno-femoral junction morphology may affect recurrent varicose veins formation. In particular, a concomitant incompetence of the accessory saphenous vein or its directly confluence into the SFJ could represent an indication to simultaneous treatment by non-surgical techniques (RTA or laser) and avoid surgical ligation.BACKGROUND Prospective study to investigate the effects of elastic stockings (GCS) 23-32 mmHg at ankle on Hoffmann reflex (H-reflex) from soleus muscle under rest and after a walking programme. METHODS Fourteen subjects wore two types of GCS, at different times. Electrophysiological examinations were carried out at rest without and with GCS, immediately after walking with GCS and 20 minutes later after removing GCS. RESULTS Peripheral nerve conduction remained unchanged after using the GCS. Conversely, walking with GCS led to changes in a spinal cord pathway expressed as a decrease of H-threshold and an increase of H-size as a function of stimulus intensity, which lasted for at least 20 minutes. CONCLUSIONS GCS has no effect on the peripheral nervous system. The GCS intolerance and the discomfort sometimes reported by patients do not derive from a dysfunction of the lower limb peripheral nervous system. A positive action on spinal reflex excitability is detected after walking while wearing GCS. We suggest that nervous descending activity due to voluntary contractions, and afferent cutaneous discharge, enhanced by movement under compression, converge on inhibitory interneurons, thus impinging on presynaptic pathways. All this can lead to an enhancement of the monosynaptic responses. Higher limb oxygenation detected during walking with GCS, found by other Authors, could increase the sensitivity of the muscle spindle afferents and/or motor neuron excitability resulting in an increase in H-reflex excitability, with potential positive effects on neuromuscolar activities improving proprioception and postural control of the lower limbs.School nurses have an important role in the provision of mental health services because of their expertise in healthcare and education. The aim of this literature review was to explore research about school nurses' ability to identify and support children and young people in secondary education with mental health issues. A search of healthcare-related databases was undertaken using search terms such as 'specialist community public health nurse' (SCPHN), 'school nurses', 'young people', mental health' and 'adolescent mental health' to identify relevant research. The literature review found that school nurses perform various activities for children and young people, for example promoting optimal mental health, identifying concerns and initiating early interventions. However, the literature review also suggests that unless school nurses receive further education in mental health they will be unable to develop the necessary skills required to improve outcomes for children and young people in secondary education. © 2020 RCN Publishing Company Ltd. All rights reserved. Not to be copied, transmitted or recorded in any way, in whole or part, without prior permission of the publishers.Despite advances in therapeutic modalities, especially with biologic treatments, the number of hospitalizations due to complications for Crohn's disease did not decrease. We examined the prevalence and possible predictive factors of hospitalizations in Crohn's disease. A systematic literature search was conducted until 31 October 2018. Relevant studies were screened according to established protocol. Retrospective cohort studies describing hospitalizations of Crohn's disease patients were included. Meta-analysis was performed by using comprehensive meta-analysis software. MK-8353 cell line Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated for the number of patients hospitalized. Twelve studies published before 31 March 2018 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were comprised of 23 data-sets and included 4421 patients from six countries. A funnel plot demonstrates a moderate publication bias. We reported the event rates for the number of patients hospitalized, in a follow-up survey of 20,987 patient-years, and for the patients who underwent surgery in a follow-up of 5061 patient-years, with ORs of 0.233 with 95%CI 0.227-0.239, and 0.124 with 95%CI 0.114-0.135 (P less then 0.001), respectively. Thus, when collecting the data from 12 cohort studies we found that hospitalization takes place in 23.3% of the patients, and operation in 12.4% along their disease duration. Patients with Crohn's disease may be hospitalized due to exacerbation of their inflammatory disease, because of non-inflammatory disease (such as fistula or stricture), or due to medical complications. The goal of therapy should be to keep the Crohn's disease patients in their natural environment and out of the hospital and to prevent surgery as much as possible.BACKGROUND Autologous hematological stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a novel therapy for systemic sclerosis (SSc) that has been validated in three randomized controlled trials. OBJECTIVES To report the first Israeli experience with HSCT for progressive SSc and review the current literature. METHODS Five SSc patients who were evaluated in our department and were treated by HSCT were included. Medical records were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded. Continuous data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables are presented as frequencies and percentages. RESULTS Five SSc patients were treated with HSCT. Four patients were adults (mean age 53 ± 12 years) and one was a 12-year-old pediatric patient. All patients were female. HSCT was initiated 1.4 ± 0.8 years after diagnosis. Two patients were RNA POLIII positive, two were anti-topoisomerase 1 positive, and one only antinuclear antibodies positive. All patients had skin and lung involvement. The mean modified Rodnan Skin Score was 29 ± 4.7 before HSCT, which improved to 10.4 ± 9.6 after HSCT. The forced vital capacity improved from 68 ± 13% to 90 ± 28%. Diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide increased by 6%. Among severe adverse events were cyclophosphamide-related congestive heart failure, antithymocyte globulin-related capillary leak syndrome, and scleroderma renal crisis. All symptoms completely resolved with treatment without sequela. No treatment related mortality was recorded. CONCLUSIONS HSCT is an important step in the treatment of progressive SSc in Israel. Careful patient selection reduces treatment related morbidity and mortality.BACKGROUND Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) may be associated with other autoimmune diseases. Autoantibodies are common in AIH suggesting their potential role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Among these autoantibodies, thyroid autoantibodies have been reported in patients with chronic hepatitis, with greater prevalence in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. OBJECTIVES To assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction among patients with AIH. METHODS In this case-control, retrospective study, we examined patients diagnosed with AIH according to both the original and revised international AIH group scoring systems. Patients with other hepatic pathologies were excluded AIH was evaluated as an independent risk factor for thyroid disease by a logistic regression model. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted using hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism as the dependent variables. RESULTS Our cohort comprised 163 patients diagnosed with AIH and 1104 healthy age- and gender-matched controls. Hypothyroidism was more prevalent among those with AIH compared to controls (17.