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Although less frequent than ataxia, spasticity, muscle cramps or muscle spasms, which were independently reported by more than half of the studied sample, chronic pain was notably present in 30% of participants. While our study did not assess the therapeutic effects of cannabis, our results highlight that there is a potential role for cannabis and cannabinoids in the management of multiple ARSACS-associated symptoms and that agents modulating the endocannabinoid system need to be properly investigated.Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS) have increased prevalence of lower bone mineral density (BMD) compared to healthy adolescents. Our goal was to compare bone density in patients with AIS and a nonaffected control group using an MRI-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score. We reviewed 50 consecutive lumbar MRIs of patients with AIS and of 50 nonaffected controls that were matched for age and sex. The VBQ score was calculated and compared between the groups. The VBQ score for the AIS group was 2.5 (SD 0.4) and for the control group 2.1 (SD 0.3) (p less then 0.001). Multiple linear regression analyses were performed for control of confounding from body weight, body height, corrected BMI, and Cobb angle. Besides the diagnosis of AIS, there was no variable that was independently associated with the VBQ score. This is the first study to evaluate bone density in pediatric patients with AIS. We found a significant difference in the VBQ-score between patients with AIS and nonaffected controls matched for sex, age, and race. MRI can be used to assess the bone quality in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
Systematic Review.
To elucidate treatment modalities and outcomes of patients with traumatic cervical spondyloptosis (TCS).
Traumatic cervical spondyloptosis (TCS) is rare and typically leads to devastating neurological injury. Management strategies vary from case to case.
A systematic review of the literature identified cases of adult TCS, and data was analyzed to characterize the patient population and to assess factors that influenced clinical outcome. In addition, an illustrative case is presented in which closed reduction of a severe C7-T1 spondyloptosis injury was guided with the use of cone beam computerized tomography (O-Arm) to overcome difficulties with visualizing the cervicothoracic junction region.
In addition to our case, we identified 52 cases of adult TCS from 34 articles. Patient age ranged from 18 to 73 (average 45.6) with male a predominance (n=37, 71.2%). Neurological function on presentation was most commonly ASIA E (34.6%), followed by ASIA D (21.2%) and ASIA A (19.2%). The mosjury to occur at the cervicothoracic junction. Prospective study of the durability of constructs by single or combined approaches is warranted.
TCS is rare and most frequently appears at or near the cervicothoracic junction and in males. The presentation is typically that of severe neurological injury, but partial neurological recovery occurs in many patients. No predictors of successful closed reduction or single approach surgery are identified. We postulate that the use of intraoperative multiplanar imaging technology like the O-Arm may enhance the ability to achieve a successful closed reduction given the predilection for the injury to occur at the cervicothoracic junction. Prospective study of the durability of constructs by single or combined approaches is warranted.Postoperative fever is mostly transient and inconsequential but may portend a serious postoperative infection requiring a thorough evaluation, especially during the recent COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to determine the incidence, causes and outcomes of postoperative fever in neurosurgical patients, as well as to evaluate a protocol for management of postoperative fever. We conducted a prospective study over 12 months, recruiting 425 adult patients operated for non-traumatic neurosurgical indications. We followed a standard protocol for the evaluation and management of postoperative fever collecting data regarding operative details, daily maximal temperature, clinical features, as well as use of surgical drains, urinary catheters, and other invasive adjuncts. Elevated body temperature of > 99.9°F or 37.7 °C for over 48 h or associated with clinical deterioration or localising features was considered as "fever" and was evaluated according to our protocol. We classified elevated temperature not meeting this criterion as a transient elevation in temperature (TET). Sixty-five patients (13.5%) had postoperative fever. Transient elevation of temperature, occurring in 40 patients (8.8%) was most common in the first 48 h after surgery. The most common causes of fever were urinary tract infections (13.7%), followed by aseptic meningitis (10.8%), wound infections and pneumonia. Various aetiologies of fever followed distinct patterns, with COVID-19 and meningitis causing high-grade, prolonged fever. Multivariate analysis revealed cranial surgery, prolonged duration of surgery, urinary catheters and wound drains retained beyond POD 3 to predict fever. Postoperative fever was associated with significantly longer duration of hospital admission. COVID-19 had a high mortality rate in the early postoperative period.To keep up with population growth, precision farming technologies must be implemented to sustainably increase agricultural output. The impact of such technologies can be expanded by monitoring phytohormones, such as salicylic acid. In this study, we present a plant-wearable electrochemical sensor for in situ detection of salicylic acid. The sensor utilizes microneedle-based electrodes that are functionalized with a layer of salicylic acid selective magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers. The sensor's capability to detect the phytohormone is demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo with a limit of detection of 2.74 μM and a range of detection that can reach as high as 150 μM. Furthermore, the selectivity of the sensor is verified by testing the sensor on commonly occurring phytohormones. Finally, we demonstrate the capability of the sensor to detect the onset of fungal infestation in Tobacco 5 min post-inoculation. This work shows that the sensor could serve as a promising platform for continuous and non-destructive monitoring in the field and as a fundamental research tool when coupled with a portable potentiostat.We developed an aptamer recognition-trigged enzyme-free catalyzed hairpin assembly (CHA) assisted signal amplification homogeneous naked-eyes and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) dual-mode sensor for highly sensitive and portable detection of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in food samples. The recognition of AFB1 by aptamer induced the generation of HP1-AFB1 complexes, which hybridized with Ag+-labeled hairpin DNA (HP2) and released Ag+, subsequently initiating the enzyme-free CHA reaction by a designed helper DNA (HP3) to form double-stranded DNA (HP2-HP3) and accompanied by the release of HP1-AFB1 complexes. The released HP1-AFB1 complexes were recognized by HP2 and HP3 again to trigger cascade recycling amplification and resulted in the generation of a larger number of free Ag+ and dsDNA. Then, methylene blue as Raman tag to intercalate into dsDNA and generating strong SERS signal with the assistance of Fe3O4@Au. Barasertib clinical trial Meanwhile, the free Ag+ induced the AuNPs aggregation and resulted in naked-eye distinguishable color transitions from red to black blue. Benefitting from the efficiently enzyme-free CHA assisted signal amplification and portably dual-mode detection system, this work successfully proposed a novel homogeneous biosensing strategy for highly sensitive and portable detection of AFB1. The SERS intensity and visualization signals were linearly correlated with the concentration of AFB1 ranging from 0.0156 to 31.2 ng mL-1 and 0.61-39 ng mL-1, and the limit of detections were 1.6 pg mL-1 and 152 pg mL-1, respectively. This strategy was successfully applied to real samples and provided an alternative approach for the highly sensitive detection of mycotoxins.
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a common chronic lung disease in premature infants, and its pathogenesis has not been clarified. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have important functions in cell bioactivity. However, their role in developmental lung disease remains unclear.
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the role of lncRNA SNHG6 (SNHG6) in BPD and its underlying mechanisms.
The blood of patients with BPD were collected, and BPD model of BEAS-2B cells was established by hyperoxia method. SNHG6, miR-335 and KLF5 mRNA expression were detected by RT-qPCR. Western blot was conducted to measure the levels of apoptosis-related proteins' expression and NF-κB pathway related proteins. BEAS-2B cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by CCK-8 and flow cytometry, respectively. Assay Kit was applied to detect ROS, MDA and SOD levels, respectively. ELISA was performed to assess the levels of inflammatory factors. The binding site of miR-335 with SNHG6 or KLF5 were predicted by using DIANA or TargetScan, and which was verified by double luciferase reporter assay.
Firstly, SNHG6 was highly expressed and miR-335 was lowly expressed in BPD model, SNHG6 knockdown and miR-335 mimics both alleviated hyperoxia-induced lung cell injury, and SNHG6 targeted miR-335. Subsequently, KLF5 was targeted by miR-335, and KLF5 promoted lung cell injury via activating NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, SNHG6 mediated lung cell injury via regulating the miR-335/KLF5/NF-κB pathway.
Our research confirmed that SNHG6 mediated hyperoxia-induced lung cell injury via regulating the miR-335/KLF5/NF-κB pathway. These findings suggest that SNHG6 serves as promising targets for the treatment of newborns with BPD.
Our research confirmed that SNHG6 mediated hyperoxia-induced lung cell injury via regulating the miR-335/KLF5/NF-κB pathway. These findings suggest that SNHG6 serves as promising targets for the treatment of newborns with BPD.
Bioabsorbable fixation in managing osteochondral lesions is increasing in popularity. The purpose was to report on outcomes using bioabsorbable fixation nails for osteochondral lesions of the knee in a pediatric and adolescent population.
A retrospective review of pediatric patients undergoing surgery with bioabsorbable fixation for knee osteochondral lesions was performed. Demographic, clinical, and surgical data was collected including symptom duration, lesion location, size, use of bone grafting, and number of implants. Return to activities was documented. Patients recommended revision surgery were compared to those who were not.
47 patients with median age 13.9years and 25.5% female were included with median clinical follow-up of 47.3weeks. 87.2% of patients were cleared for full activities. Four male patients (8.5%) were recommended revision surgery, of whom three underwent surgery including removal of loose bioabsorbable fixation. Demographic data did not differ between the group with successful versus failed primary surgery (p>0.05). Symptom duration was more acute (<1month) in the four recommended revision surgery (75% versus 9.3%, p=0.008). The group recommended revision also had larger lesion size (median 5.4cm
versus 2cm
, p=0.04). Distal femoral physeal status, lesion location, necessity for bone grafting, and number of implants did not differ between groups.
Adolescents had a high return to activity following bioabsorbable fixation for knee osteochondral lesions with 87.2% cleared for full return. In the 8.5% of patients who were deemed to have failed primary fixation, symptoms were more likely to be acute in nature with larger lesion sizes.
Adolescents had a high return to activity following bioabsorbable fixation for knee osteochondral lesions with 87.2% cleared for full return. In the 8.5% of patients who were deemed to have failed primary fixation, symptoms were more likely to be acute in nature with larger lesion sizes.