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The causative factors and pathogenesis of food allergy (FA) is not fully understood yet. Cold stress (CS) occurs frequently in human life that influences physiological activities in the body. In this study, we aimed to investigate the chronic CS (CS) effects on promoting the expression of IL-33 in intestinal epithelial cells.
CS was carried out by placing mice at 4°C for 1h daily for 7 consecutive days. We developed a mouse model used to test the effects of CS on the FA development.
We found that, similar to conventional FA mouse model, CS induced the core body temperature to drop markedly in mice, increased intestinal epithelial barrier permeability and facilitated FA development. CS promoted interleukin (IL)-33 expression in intestinal epithelial cells through the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)/cortisol axis and via inducing the Il33 promoter methylation. CS facilitated the FA development in mice, that could be blocked by depletion of IL-33 expression in intestinal epithelial cells.
CS induces IL-33 expression in intestinal epithelial cells to promote Th2 polarization in the intestinal tissues and facilitates FA development.
CS induces IL-33 expression in intestinal epithelial cells to promote Th2 polarization in the intestinal tissues and facilitates FA development.
Authors have speculated that vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) recipients may require greater maintenance immunosuppression than solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients due to the higher antigenicity of skin. However, detailed comparisons of VCA and SOT immunosuppression regimens have been limited.
Hand and face VCA recipient immunosuppression data were collected through a systematic literature review. Kidney recipient data were obtained through a retrospective chart review of the authors' institution. Prednisone and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) doses were compared between VCA and kidney recipients at predefined follow-up intervals (<1, 1-5, and >5y). Tacrolimus target trough levels (TTTL) were compared at follow-up intervals of 1-5 and >5y, and stratified into our institution's kidney transplant risk-based target ranges (4-6ng/mL, 6-8ng/mL) or higher (>8ng/mL).
Immunosuppression data were available for 57 VCA and 98 kidney recipients. There were no significant differences in prednisone doses between groups at all follow-up intervals. VCA recipient mean MMF dose was significantly greater at <1-y (1.71±0.58 versus 1.16±0.55 gm/d; P=0.01). For VCA recipients, there was a significant difference (P=0.02) in TTTL distribution over the three predefined therapeutic ranges (4-6ng/mL, 6-8ng/mL, and >8ng/mL) between 1 and 5y (24.0%, 20.0%, 56.0%, respectively) and >5y (28.6%, 42.9%, 28.6%).
At longer follow-up, VCA and kidney recipients receive comparable MMF/prednisone doses, and most VCA recipients are treated with TTTL similar to kidney recipients. Dexketoprofen trometamol chemical structure Further research may improve our understanding of VCA's complex risk/benefit ratio, and enhance informed consent.
At longer follow-up, VCA and kidney recipients receive comparable MMF/prednisone doses, and most VCA recipients are treated with TTTL similar to kidney recipients. Further research may improve our understanding of VCA's complex risk/benefit ratio, and enhance informed consent.Maternal ante- and postnatal anxiety have been associated with children's socio-emotional development. Moreover, maternal anxiety has been studied as both a contributing factor and consequence of preterm birth, and children born preterm are more likely to develop behavioural problems compared to term-born controls. This study investigated the association between maternal anxiety measured soon after birth and mental health in 215 ex-preterm children, born at less then 33 weeks, who participated in the Evaluation of Preterm Imaging Study. Children were followed-up at a median age of 4.6 years (range 4.2-6.6), and received behavioural and cognitive evaluation. Maternal trait anxiety was assessed with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Index at term corrected age. Primary outcome measures were children's Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and Social Responsiveness Scale 2 (SRS-2) scores, indicative of generalised psychopathology and autism symptomatology, respectively. IQ was assessed with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence. The final sample, after excluding participants with missing data and multiple pregnancy (n = 75), consisted of 140 children (51.4% male). Results showed that increased maternal trait anxiety at term corrected age was associated with children's higher SDQ scores (β = 0.25, 95% CI 0.09-0.41, p = 0.003, f2 = 0.08) and SRS-2 scores (β = 0.15, 95% CI 0.02-0.28, p = 0.03, f2 = 0.04). Our findings indicate that children born preterm whose mothers are more anxious in the early postnatal period may show poorer mental health outcomes at pre-school age. Further research is needed to investigate preventative measures that can be offered to high-risk premature babies and their families.
We investigated whether serum tumor markers (STMs) represent a valuable noninvasive tool to predict epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients.
A retrospective analysis was performed for 143 NSCLC patients at the Peking University International Hospital from December 2014 to December 2019. EGFR mutations in the tumor tissues were identified by amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) and next generation sequencing (NGS). The relationships between EGFR mutation and several clinicopathological features were analyzed.
EGFR mutation were found more frequently in female (56.67%, P=0.01), never-smokers (55.26%, P=0.004), and those with lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) (52.17%, P<0.001). The positive mutation rate for the EGFR gene were higher in the squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA)group (≤1.5 ng/ml) and in the gastrin-releasing peptide precursor (preGRP) increased group (≥69.2pg/ml), and this difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that females (Odd ratio [OR] 2.435, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.232, 4.813, P=0.01) and never-smokers (OR=0.370; CI=0.186, 0.734; P=0.004), lung adenocarcinoma patients (OR=9.091; CI=2.599, 21.800; P=0.001), the SCC group (≤1.5 ng/ml) (OR=0.331, CI=0.120, 0.914; P=0.033), and the preGRP group (≥69.2 pg/ml) (OR=5.478, CI=1.462, 20.528; P=0.012) patients were risk factors for EGFR gene mutation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that lung ADC and proGRP elevation were independent risk factors for predicting EGFR gene positivity (P<0.05).
STMs are associated with mutant EGFR status and could be integrated with other clinical factors to facilitate the classification of EGFR mutation status among NSCLC patients.
STMs are associated with mutant EGFR status and could be integrated with other clinical factors to facilitate the classification of EGFR mutation status among NSCLC patients.