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Cell morphology features, such as those from the Cell Painting assay, can be generated at relatively low costs and represent versatile biological descriptors of a system and thereby compound response. In this study, we explored cell morphology descriptors and molecular fingerprints, separately and in combination, for the prediction of cytotoxicity- and proliferation-related in vitro assay endpoints. We selected 135 compounds from the MoleculeNet ToxCast benchmark data set which were annotated with Cell Painting readouts, where the relatively small size of the data set is due to the overlap of required annotations. We trained Random Forest classification models using nested cross-validation and Cell Painting descriptors, Morgan and ErG fingerprints, and their combinations. While using leave-one-cluster-out cross-validation (with clusters based on physicochemical descriptors), models using Cell Painting descriptors achieved higher average performance over all assays (Balanced Accuracy of 0.65, Matthews Correlation Coefficient of 0.28, and AUC-ROC of 0.71) compared to models using ErG fingerprints (BA 0.55, MCC 0.09, and AUC-ROC 0.60) and Morgan fingerprints alone (BA 0.54, MCC 0.06, and AUC-ROC 0.56). While using random shuffle splits, the combination of Cell Painting descriptors with ErG and Morgan fingerprints further improved balanced accuracy on average by 8.9% (in 9 out of 12 assays) and 23.4% (in 8 out of 12 assays) compared to using only ErG and Morgan fingerprints, respectively. Regarding feature importance, Cell Painting descriptors related to nuclei texture, granularity of cells, and cytoplasm as well as cell neighbors and radial distributions were identified to be most contributing, which is plausible given the endpoint considered. We conclude that cell morphological descriptors contain complementary information to molecular fingerprints which can be used to improve the performance of predictive cytotoxicity models, in particular in areas of novel structural space.Protein mass spectrometry (MS) is an enabling technology that is ideally suited for precision diagnostics. In contrast to immunoassays with indirect readouts, MS quantifications are multiplexed and include identification of proteoforms in a direct manner. Although widely used for routine measurements of drugs and metabolites, the number of clinical MS-based protein applications is limited. In this paper, we share our experience and aim to take away the concerns that have kept laboratory medicine from implementing quantitative protein MS. ML385 ic50 To ensure added value of new medical tests and guarantee accurate test results, five key elements of test evaluation have been established by a working group within the European Federation for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Moreover, it is emphasized to identify clinical gaps in the contemporary clinical pathways before test development is started. We demonstrate that quantitative protein MS tests that provide an additional layer of clinical information have robust performance and meet long-term desirable analytical performance specifications as exemplified by our own experience. Yet, the adoption of quantitative protein MS tests into medical laboratories is seriously hampered due to its complexity, lack of robotization and high initial investment costs. Successful and widespread implementation in medical laboratories requires uptake and automation of this next generation protein technology by the In-Vitro Diagnostics industry. Also, training curricula of lab workers and lab specialists should include education on enabling technologies for transitioning to precision medicine by quantitative protein MS tests.Liquid-in-liquid emulsions are kinetically stable colloids that undergo liquid-to-gas phase transitions in response to thermal or acoustic stimuli. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are preferred species as their highly fluorinated nature imparts unique properties that are unparalleled by nonfluorinated counterparts. However, traditional methods to prepare PFC emulsions lack the ability to precisely tune the thermodynamic stability of the fluorous-water interphase and consequently control their vaporization behavior. Here, we report a privileged fluoroalkanoic acid that undergoes concentration-dependent assembly on the surfaces of fluorous droplets to modulate interfacial tension. This allows for the rational formulation of orthogonal PFC droplets that can be programmed to vaporize at specified ultrasound powers. We exploit this behavior in two exemplary biomedical settings by developing emulsions that aid ultrasound-mediated hemostasis and enable bioorthogonal delivery of molecular sensors to mammalian cells. Mechanistic insights gained from these studies can be generalized to tune the thermodynamic interfacial equilibria of PFC emulsions toward designing controllable tools for precision medicine.Improving the performance of noble-metal nanocrystals in various applications critically depends on our ability to manipulate their synthesis in a rational, robust, and controllable fashion. Different from a conventional trial-and-error approach, the reduction kinetics of a colloidal synthesis has recently been demonstrated as a reliable knob for controlling the synthesis of noble-metal nanocrystals in a deterministic and predictable manner. Here we present a brief Viewpoint on the recent progress in leveraging reduction kinetics for controlling and predicting the outcome of a synthesis of noble-metal nanocrystals. With a focus on Pd nanocrystals, we first offer a discussion on the correlation between the initial reduction rate and the internal structure of the resultant seeds. The kinetic approaches for controlling both nucleation and growth in a one-pot setting are then introduced with an emphasis on manipulation of the reduction pathways taken by the precursor. We then illustrate how to extend the strategy into a bimetallic system for the preparation of nanocrystals with different shapes and elemental distributions. Finally, the influence of speciation of the precursor on reduction kinetics is highlighted, followed by our perspectives on the challenges and future endeavors in achieving a controllable and predictable synthesis of noble-metal nanocrystals.